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arXiv:physics/0404077

Manipulating the scattering length of a Bose - Einstein condensate in an amplitude - modulated optical lattice

G. M. Genkin

Published Apr 15, 2004• 0 citations
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Abstract

The scattering length in a BEC confined in an amplitude - modulated optical lattice can be manipulated by the modulation strength. Two standing laser waves of main and sideband frequencies of an optical lattice induce a Raman transition; due to resonant Raman driving the effective scattering length depends on the modulation strength and the detuning from resonance and can be tuned to a given value.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.physics/0404077

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The scattering length in a BEC confined in an amplitude - modulated optical lattice can be manipulated by the modulation strength. Two standing laser waves of main and sideband frequencies of an optical lattice induce a Raman transition; due to resonant Raman driving the effective scattering length depends on the modulation strength and the detuning from resonance and can be tuned to a given value.
The superfluid - Mott insulator transition in a BEC confined in an amplitude - modulated optical lattice can be manipulated by the modulation strength. Two standing laser waves of main and sideband frequencies of an optical lattice induce a Raman transition; due to resonant Raman driving the critical value of the transition parameter depends on the modulation strength and the detuning from resonance and can be tuned to a given value. It is shown that there is an interval of the initial MI phase, in which a modulation switches the MI phase to the SF phase.
We demonstrate a method of inducing an optical Feshbach resonance based on a coherent free-bound stimulated Raman transition. In our experiment atoms in a 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate are exposed to two phase-locked Raman laser beams which couple pairs of colliding atoms to a molecular ground state. By controlling the power and relative detuning of the two laser beams, we can change the atomic scattering length considerably. The dependence of scattering length on these parameters is studied experimentally and modeled theoretically.
We demonstrate optical tuning of the scattering length in a Bose-Einstein condensate as predicted by Fedichev et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2913 (1996)]. In our experiment, atoms in a 87Rb condensate are exposed to laser light which is tuned close to the transition frequency to an excited molecular state. By controlling the power and detuning of the laser beam we can change the atomic scattering length over a wide range. In view of laser-driven atomic losses, we use Bragg spectroscopy as a fast method to measure the scattering length of the atoms.
A self-consistent theory of a cylindrically shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) periodically modulated by a laser beam is presented. We show, both analytically and numerically, that modulational instability/stability is the mechanism by which wave functions of soliton type can be generated in a cylindrically shaped BEC subject to a one-dimensional optical lattice. The theory explains why bright solitons can exist in a BEC with positive scattering length and why condensates with negative scattering length can be stable and give rise to dark solitary pulses.
The properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a two-well potential can be manipulated by periodic modulation of the potential parameters. We study the effects arising from modulating the barrier height and the difference in well depth. At certain modulation frequencies the system exhibits resonances, which may show up in an enhancement of the tunneling rate between the wells. Resonances can be used to control the particle distribution over the wells. Some of the effects occurring in the two-well system also arise for a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice.