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arXiv:physics/0208031 · Physical Review A

Feshbach resonance cooling of trapped atom pairs

Josh W. Dunn, D. Blume, Bogdan Borca, Brian Granger, Chris H. Greene

Published Mar 4, 2005• 10 citations
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Abstract

Spectroscopic studies of few-body systems at ultracold temperatures provide valuable information that often cannot be extracted in a hot environment. Considering a pair of atoms, we propose a cooling mechanism that makes use of a scattering Feshbach resonance. Application of a series of time-dependent magnetic field ramps results in either zero, one, or two atoms remaining trapped. If two atoms remain in the trap after the field ramps are completed, then they have been cooled. Application of the proposed cooling mechanism to optical traps or lattices is considered.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.71.033402

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Spectroscopic studies of few-body systems at ultracold temperatures provide valuable information that often cannot be extracted in a hot environment. Considering a pair of atoms, we propose a cooling mechanism that makes use of a scattering Feshbach resonance. Application of a series of time-dependent magnetic field ramps results in either zero, one, or two atoms remaining trapped. If two atoms remain in the trap after the field ramps are completed, then they have been cooled. Application of the proposed cooling mechanism to optical traps or lattices is considered.
A method is proposed that utilizes a Feshbach resonance to cool an atomic gas to temperatures of quantum degeneracy. Through application of a sequence of alternating adiabatic and nonadiabatic magnetic field ramps in the region of a Feshbach resonance, a large number of atom pairs in a trapped gas lose energy at the expense of a relatively small number of pairs which gain energy. After removal from the trap of the atom pairs which gain energy, the remaining reduced energy atoms will equilibrate to a lower temperature.
Trapped cold atoms at very low temperatures, now readily accessible experimentally, can be controlled and serve as a testing ground for many theoretical physical properties which are paralleled in condensed matter systems. Ultracold trapped atom experiments show promise to recreate analogous condensed matter systems in a controlled environment and to create novel many-body quantum states of matter. The tunability of trapping laser intensities and magnetically controlled Feshbach interactions are the main tools for varying lattice hopping strengths and inter-particle interactions. In this thesis, we search for the phase of a many-body system of cold fermion atoms that can convert to boson molecules and vice versa. We then look at the microscopic details of two atoms that interact to form a quasibound molecule. Our two-atom model explains the mechanism behind the magnetically tunable interparticle interaction known as the Feshbach resonance. We find a dependence of the bound pair formation on the two-particle energy. Our results show that if a magnetic field can be fine tuned to sufficient precision, of order 10 mG, a narrow resonance can be achieved where longer lived bound states can be created. This narrow resonance reconciliates the two-body physics with the effective Hamiltonian that describes the many-body system.
Trapped cold atoms at very low temperatures, now readily accessible experimentally, can be controlled and serve as a testing ground for many theoretical physical properties which are paralleled in condensed matter systems. Ultracold trapped atom experiments show promise to recreate analogous condensed matter systems in a controlled environment and to create novel many-body quantum states of matter. The tunability of trapping laser intensities and magnetically controlled Feshbach interactions are the main tools for varying lattice hopping strengths and inter-particle interactions. In this thesis, we search for the phase of a many-body system of cold fermion atoms that can convert to boson molecules and vice versa. We then look at the microscopic details of two atoms that interact to form a quasibound molecule. Our two-atom model explains the mechanism behind the magnetically tunable interparticle interaction known as the Feshbach resonance. We find a dependence of the bound pair formation on the two-particle energy. Our results show that if a magnetic field can be fine tuned to sufficient precision, of order 10 mG, a narrow resonance can be achieved where longer lived bound states can be created. This narrow resonance reconciliates the two-body physics with the effective Hamiltonian that describes the many-body system.
We propose a cooling mechanism for ultracold fermionic atom ensembles, which capitalizes on the energy dependence of inelastic collisions near a Feshbach resonance. We first discuss a single magnetic resonance and find that the final temperature and cooling rate is limited by the resonance width. A concrete example for a ppp-wave resonance of 40K^{40}\text{K}40K is given. We then improve upon this setup by using both a sharp optical or radio-frequency-induced resonance and a broad magnetic resonance and show that one can improve upon temperatures reached with current technologies.
Abstract Feshbach resonances are among the essential control tools used in ultracold atom experiments. However, for complex atomic species the theoretical characterization of resonances becomes challenging. For closely spaced resonances, the measurement of three-body losses does not provide sufficient resolution to discriminate them. For this reason, resonance spectroscopy of trapped isolated atoms is becoming the state of the art. Here we show that trapping the atoms in a double well potential such as an optical lattice or a pair of optical tweezers enables precise characterization of not only the resonance position and width, but also its pole strength, giving valuable information about the atomic structure relevant for subsequent many-body studies.