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arXiv:physics/0007002 · Physical Review Letters

Sub-dekahertz Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of 199Hg+

Robert J. Rafac, Brent C. Young, James A. Beall, W. M. Itano, D. J. Wineland, Jonas Bergquist

Published Sep 18, 2000• 265 citations
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Abstract

Using a laser that is frequency locked to a Fabry-P\'erot \'etalon of high finesse and stability, we probe the ${5d}^{10}6s^{2}S_{1/2}(F\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0)\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{5d}^{9}{6s}^{2}^{2}D_{5/2}(F\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2)$ $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{F}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0$ electric-quadrupole transition of a single laser-cooled ${}^{199}{\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}$ ion stored in a cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap. We observe Fourier-transform limited linewidths as narrow as 6.7 Hz at 282 nm ( $1.06\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{Hz}$), yielding a line $Q\ensuremath{\approx}1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}$. We perform a preliminary measurement of the ${5d}^{9}{6s}^{2}^{2}D_{5/2}$ electric-quadrupole shift due to interaction with the static fields of the trap, and discuss the implications for future trapped-ion optical frequency standards.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.85.2462

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Physical Review A•Jul 1, 1987•185 citations
Using a laser that is frequency locked to a Fabry-P'erot 'etalon of high finesse and stability, we probe the {5d}^{10}6s^{2}S_{1/2}(F\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0)\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{5d}^{9}{6s}^{2}^{2}D_{5/2}(F\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2) \ensuremathΔmF=0\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{F}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0\ensuremathΔmF​=0 electric-quadrupole transition of a single laser-cooled 199Hg+{}^{199}{\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}199Hg+ ion stored in a cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap. We observe Fourier-transform limited linewidths as narrow as 6.7 Hz at 282 nm ( 1.06\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi1015Hz1.06\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{Hz}1.06\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi1015Hz), yielding a line Q\ensuremath≈1.6\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi1014Q\ensuremath{\approx}1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}Q\ensuremath≈1.6\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi1014. We perform a preliminary measurement of the {5d}^{9}{6s}^{2}^{2}D_{5/2} electric-quadrupole shift due to interaction with the static fields of the trap, and discuss the implications for future trapped-ion optical frequency standards.
Using a laser that is frequency-locked to a Fabry-Perot etalon of high finesse and stability, we probed the 5d106s 2S1/2(F equals O, mF equals O) $ARLR 5d96s22D5/2 (F equals 2, mF equals O) electric-quadrupole transition of a single laser-cooled 199Hg+ ion stored in a cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap. We observed Fourier-transform limited linewidths as narrow as 6.7 Hz at 282 nm (1.06 X 1015 Hz). The functional form and estimated values of some of the frequency shifts of the 2S1/2 $ARLR 2D5/2 clock transition (including the quadrupole shift), which have been calculated using a combination of measured atomic parameters and ab initio calculations, are given.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
We experimentally demonstrate laser spectroscopy of the electric-quadrupole transition 6s2S1/2−−5d2D3/26s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}--5d{}^{2}{D}_{3/2}6s2S1/2​−−5d2D3/2​ of a single trapped 171Yb{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb ion. The probed transition has a natural linewidth of 3.1 Hz, and is at a wavelength of 435.5 nm. A 171Yb{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb ion is laser cooled to the range of the Doppler limit in a radio-frequency Paul trap. The $F=0--{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2,$ ${m}_{{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}}=0$ hyperfine component of the 2S1/2−−2D3/2{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}{--}^{2}{D}_{3/2}2S1/2​−−2D3/2​ transition is excited by a laser source whose frequency is controlled by an optical reference cavity of high intrinsic stability. The recoilless carrier component of the vibrational sideband spectrum is resolved with a minimum linewidth of approximately 80 Hz, corresponding to a fractional frequency resolution of $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}.$ This resolution limit is attributed to laser frequency instability. The effective decoherence rates of the residual ion motion are inferred from the observation that the axial and two radial low-frequency first-order secular-vibration sidebands show minimum linewidths in the range of 0.2--1 kHz. Prospects for an optical frequency standard based on the investigated atomic system are discussed.
Using a laser that is frequency-locked to a Fabry-Perot etalon of high finesse and stability, we probed the 5d106s 2S1/2(F equals O, mF equals O) $ARLR 5d96s22D5/2 (F equals 2, mF equals O) electric-quadrupole transition of a single laser-cooled 199Hg+ ion stored in a cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap. We observed Fourier-transform limited linewidths as narrow as 6.7 Hz at 282 nm (1.06 X 1015 Hz). The functional form and estimated values of some of the frequency shifts of the 2S1/2 $ARLR 2D5/2 clock transition (including the quadrupole shift), which have been calculated using a combination of measured atomic parameters and ab initio calculations, are given.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
We are developing an optical frequency standard based on the narrow /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/-/sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ electric-quadrupole transition of a single trapped /sup 199/Hg/sup +/ ion. Small linear traps designed to operate at liquid helium temperatures have been constructed which will provide confinement in the Lamb-Dicke regime for the optical transition. Cryogenic operation yields long ion storage times and significantly suppresses frequency shifts due to collisions and blackbody radiation. A major step toward the completion of this standard has been the construction and evaluation of a well isolated, high-finesse, Fabry-Perot cavity to stabilize the frequency of the interrogating laser. We report our cavity results and progress toward locking the laser frequency to the transition in the stored ion.
We discuss frequency standards based on laser-cooled 199Hg+ ions confined in cryogenic rf traps. In one experiment, the frequency of a microwave source is served to the ions' ground-state hyperfine transition at 40.5 GHz. For seven ions and a Ramsey free precession time of 100 s, the fractional frequency stability is 3.3 (2) X 10-13 (tau) -1/2 for measurement times (tau) < 2 h. The ground-state hyperfine interval is measured to be 40 507 347 996.841 59 (14) (41) Hz, where the first number in parentheses is the uncertainty due to statistics and systematic errors, and the second is the uncertainty in the frequency of the time scale to which the standard is compared. In a second experiment under development, a strong-binding cryogenic trap will confine a single ion used for an optical frequency standard based on a narrow electric quadrupole transition at 282 nm. The bandwidth of the laser used to drive this transition is less than 10 Hz at 563 nm.
Spectroscopic measurements of the electric-quadrupole-allowed 5${d}^{10}$6s 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2S1/2{S}_{1/2}S1/2​ to 5${d}^{9}666{s}^{2}$ 2{\mathrm{}}^{2}2D5/2{D}_{5/2}D5/2​ transition near 282 nm on a single, laser-cooled Hg+{\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}Hg+ ion give a recoil-free absorption line (carrier) and well-resolved motional sidebands. From the intensity ratio of the sidebands to the carrier, the effective temperature of the Hg+{\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}Hg+ ion was determined to be near the theoretical minimum of 1.7 mK. A fractional resolution of better than 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}11}$ for this ultraviolet transition is achieved.