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arXiv:nucl-th/0208037 · Physical Review C

Self-consistent quasiparticle random phase approximation for the description of superfluid Fermi systems

Aziz Rabhi, R. Bennaceur, Guy Chanfray, Peter Schuck

Published Dec 18, 2002• 18 citations
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Abstract

Self-consistent quasiparticle random phase approximation (SCQRPA) is for the first time applied to a more level pairing case. Various filling situations and values for the coupling constant are considered. Very encouraging results in comparison with the exact solution of the model are obtained. The nature of the low-lying mode in SCQRPA is identified. The strong reduction of the number fluctuation in SCQRPA vs BCS is pointed out. The transition from superfluidity to the normal fluid case is carefully investigated.

DOI
10.1103/physrevc.66.064315

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•Dec 13, 2002•0 citations
Self-consistent quasiparticle random phase approximation (SCQRPA) is for the first time applied to a more level pairing case. Various filling situations and values for the coupling constant are considered. Very encouraging results in comparison with the exact solution of the model are obtained. The nature of the low-lying mode in SCQRPA is identified. The strong reduction of the number fluctuation in SCQRPA vs BCS is pointed out. The transition from superfluidity to the normal fluid case is carefully investigated.
Particle-number projection within the Lipkin-Nogami (LN) method is applied to the self-consistent quasiparticle random-phase approximation (SCQRPA), which is tested in an exactly solvable multilevel pairing model. The SCQRPA equations are numerically solved to find the energies of the ground and excited states at various numbers \ensuremath{\Omega} of doubly degenerate equidistant levels. The use of the LN method allows one to avoid the collapse of the BCS (QRPA) to obtain the energies of the ground and excited states as smooth functions of the interaction parameter GGG. The comparison between results given by different approximations such as the SCRPA, QRPA, LNQRPA, SCQRPA, and LNSCQRPA is carried out. Although the use of the LN method significantly improves the agreement with the exact results in the intermediate coupling region, we found that in the strong coupling region the SCQRPA results are closest to the exact ones.
Exact results of pair transfer probabilities for the Richardson model with equidistant or random level spacing are presented. The results are then compared either to particle-particle random-phase approximation (ppRPA) in the normal phase or quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) in the superfluid phase. We show that both ppRPA and QRPA are globally well reproducing the exact case although some differences are seen in the superfluid case. In particular, the QRPA overestimates the pair transfer probabilities to excited states in the vicinity of the normal-superfluid phase transition, which might explain the difficulty in detecting collective pairing phenomena as, for example, the giant pairing vibration. The shortcoming of QRPA can be traced back to the breaking of particle number that is used to incorporate pairing. A method based on direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in the space of two quasiparticles projected onto good particle number is shown to improve the description of pair transfer probabilities in superfluid systems.
A systematic comparison is conducted for pairing properties of finite systems at nonzero temperature as predicted by the exact solutions of the pairing problem embedded in three principal statistical ensembles, as well as the unprojected (FTBCS1+++SCQRPA) and Lipkin+++Nogami projected (FTLN1+++SCQRPA) theories that include the quasiparticle number fluctuation and coupling to pair vibrations within the self-consistent quasiparticle random-phase approximation. The numerical calculations are performed for the pairing gap, total energy, heat capacity, entropy, and microcanonical temperature within the doubly folded equidistant multilevel pairing model. The FTLN1+++SCQRPA predictions agree best with the exact grand-canonical results. In general, all approaches clearly show that the superfluid-normal phase transition is smoothed out in finite systems. A novel formula is suggested for extracting the empirical pairing gap in reasonable agreement with the exact canonical results.
The self-consistent random-phase approximation (SCRPA) is extended to nonzero temperature. Within the SCRPA, the collective dynamics of nucleon pairs is built on the occupation numbers that deviate from the Fermi-Dirac distribution as a result of temperature-dependent correlations beyond the RPA. The equations for single-particle occupation numbers are derived using the method of the double-time Green's functions. The approach is applied to the Richardson model of pairing. The results of numerical calculations for energies of states and occupation numbers, as well as for the thermodynamic quantities such as the excitation energy and heat capacity of the system, are compared with those obtained within the conventional RPA and the perturbative thermal SCRPA and with the exact results. We find that, overall, the SCRPA offers a better agreement with the exact results.
L'approximation de la phase aléatoire auto-cohérente (SCRPA) est une méthode qui permet d'inclure dans la théorie de champ moyen des corrélations dans l'état fondamental et les états excités. Elle constitue alors une méthode de type champ moyen pour les fluctuations quantiques. Elle a l'avantage de ne pas violer le principe de Pauli, contrairement à la RPA standard. qui, elle, est basée sur l'approximation dite de quasi-bosons. De plus, la SCRPA peut être formulée à partir d'un principe variationnel. Nous présentons la méthode SCRPA pour la description de la superfluidité dans les systèmes de fermions en utilisant sa version Quasi-particule (SCQRPA). Une étude détaillée de la transition de phase normale/superfluide ainsi que une discussion du mode mou qui enclenche la brisure de symétrie nombre de particules sont présentées. Comme application, nous avons traité le modèle d'appariement à deux niveaux qui est un modèle exactement soluble. Des bons résultats sont obtenus en comparaison avec les résultats exacts. La nature du mode spurieux dans la SCQRPA est identifiée. Une forte réduction de la fluctuation du nombre total de particules dans la SCQRPA par rapport à la méthode BCS est établie. La transition de la phase superfluide à la phase normale est soigneusement étudiée. Une nouvelle méthode de calcul des nombres d'occupation est présentée. Le succès de la méthode SCQRPA est aussi présent dans le cas d'un modèle mélangeant fermions en bosons tel que le modèle de Da-Providencia-Schütte. Il subsiste cependant un problème concernant le mode spurieux qui doit être encore approfondi. Dans le cas du modèle de la séniorité, on montre que la méthode SCQRPA permet d'une manière naturelle de restaurer la symétrie (nombre de particules) brisée au niveau de l'approximation de champ moyen. Ceci est réalisé par l'introduction d'un second paramètre de Lagrange qui fixe la variance de l'opérateur de symétrie à zéro. Cette caractéristique importante de la méthode SCQRPA est signalée pour la première fois