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arXiv:nlin/0003050 · Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement

High Order WKB Prediction of the Energy Splitting in the Symmetric Double Well Potential

Marko Robnik, Luca Salasnich, Marko Vrani\v car

Published Jan 1, 2000• 1 citation
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Abstract

The accuracy of the WKB approximation when predicting the energy splitting of bound states in a double well potential is the main subject of this paper. The splitting of almost degenerate energy levels below the top of the barrier results from the tunneling and is thus supposed to be exponentially small. By using the standard WKB quantization we deduce an analytical formula for the energy splitting, which is the usual Landau formula with additional quantum corrections. We also examine the accuracy of our and Landau formula numerically for the case of the symmetric double well quartic potential.

DOI
10.1143/ptps.139.550

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The accuracy of the WKB approximation when predicting the energy splitting of bound states in a double well potential is the main subject of this paper. The splitting of almost degenerate energy levels below the top of the barrier results from the tunneling and is thus supposed to be exponentially small. By using the standard WKB quantization we deduce an analytical formula for the energy splitting, which is the usual Landau formula with additional quantum corrections. We also examine the accuracy of our and Landau formula numerically for the case of the symmetric double well quartic potential.
We analyse the accuracy of the approximate WKB quantization for the case of general one-dimensional quartic potential. In particular, we are interested in the validity of semiclassically predicted energy eigenvalues when approaching the limit E→∞, and in the accuracy of low lying energy levels below the potential barrier in the case of generally asymmetric double-well quartic potential. In the latter case, using the standard WKB quantization an unnatural localization of eigenstates due to the negligence of tunneling is implied and thus the validity of semiclassics is uncertain. In all computations the higher order corrections to the leading semiclassical approximation are included using the complex contour integration technique. We show that these corrections can improve accuracy of semiclassical approximation greatly by many orders of magnitude.
An asymmetric double-well potential is considered, assuming that the minima of the wells are quadratic with a frequency ω and the difference of the minima is close to a multiple of �ω. A WKB wave function is constructed on both sides of the local maximum between the wells, by matching the WKB function to the exact wave functions near the classical turning points. The continuities of the wave function and its first derivative at the local maximum then give the energy-level splitting formula, which not only reproduces the instanton result for a symmetric potential, but also elucidates the appearance of resonances of tunneling in the asymmetric potential. Key words: quantum tunneling, energy splitting, double-well potential PACS: 03.65.Sq, 03.65.Ge, 82.20.Xr 1