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arXiv:math/0002236

Some Comments on Categories, Particles and Interactions

Władysław Marcinek

Published Feb 28, 2000• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

An algebraic formalism for the study of interacting particle systems is developed. Particle processes are described in terms of the category theory. The problem for the unique description of these processes is discussed. Categories relevant for this subject are described. The concept of generalized transmutations of interacting particle systems is considered. The connection with a system with some generalized statistics is explained.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.math/0002236

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An algebraic formalism for the study of interacting particle systems is developed. Particle processes are described in terms of the category theory. The problem for the unique description of these processes is discussed. Categories relevant for this subject are described. The concept of generalized transmutations of interacting particle systems is considered. The connection with a system with some generalized statistics is explained.
Interacting systems of particles with generalized statistics are considered on both classical and quantum level. It is shown that all possible quantum states and corresponding processes can be represented in terms of certain specific categories. The corresponding Fock space representation is discussed. The problem of existence of well--defined scalar product is considered. It is shown that commutation relations corresponding to a system with generalized statistics can be constructed from relations corresponding to Bolzman statistics.
Despite its name, Quantum Field Theory (QFT) has been built to describe interactions between localizable particles. For this reason the actual formalism of QFT is partly based on a suitable generalization of the one already used for systems of point particles. This circumstance gives rise to a number of conceptual problems, stemming essentially from the fact that the existence within QFT of non-equivalent representations implies the existence of field theories allowing, within the same theory, different, inequivalent, descriptions of particles. This led some authors to claim that in QFT the concept itself of particle should be abandoned. In this paper we will shortly discuss the validity of this claim, as well as the possibilities, so far existing, of building alternative versions of QFT, not designed in advance to allow some kind of particle representation. We will also spend some words about the generalizations of the concept itself of particle which could grant for a better cohabitation of particles and fields within a wider formulation of QFT. The latter is indispensable if we want to extend the range of application of QFT from particle physics or simple condensed matter physics to other domains of scientific research.
In the first three chapters we have considered problems related to the physical behaviour of one or a few particles (or some other physical objects which can be effectively described by one or a few (quasi)particles as, e.g., the random walk model in polymer physics considered in chapter 1). Though quantum field theory describes systems with an arbitrary number of degrees of freedom (an arbitrary number of (quasi)particles), in chapter 3 we actually applied it to systems with a restricted and small number of particles (e.g., for the description of the scattering process for a few particles). Another way to express this fact is to say that in chapter 3 we have considered field theories at zero temperature. However, the majority of realistic systems contain many identical (indistinguishable) particles such as atoms, electrons, photons etc. An attempt to describe these systems in terms of the individual trajectories of all particles is absolutely hopeless. Instead, we are interested in the collective behaviour of systems and describe them in terms of partition functions, mean values, correlation functions, etc. The methods of derivation, analysis and calculation of such collective characteristics constitute the subject of classical and quantum statistical mechanics.