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arXiv:math-ph/0410040

Geometric and Algebraic Topological Methods in Quantum Mechanics

GIOVANNI GIACHETTA, Luigi Mangiarotti, Gennadi Aleksandrovich Sardanashvily

Published Oct 16, 2004• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In the last decade, the development of new ideas in quantum theory, including geometric and deformation quantization, the non-Abelian Berry factor, super- and BRST symmetries, non-commutativity, has called into play the geometric techniques based on the deep interplay between algebra, differential geometry and topology. The present book aims at being a guide to advanced differential geometric and topological methods in quantum mechanics. Their main peculiarity lies in the fact that geometry in quantum theory speaks mainly the algebraic language of rings, modules, sheaves and categories. Geometry is by no means the primary scope of the book, but it underlies many ideas in modern quantum physics and provides the most advanced schemes of quantization.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.math-ph/0410040

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In the last decade, the development of new ideas in quantum theory, including geometric and deformation quantization, the non-Abelian Berry factor, super- and BRST symmetries, non-commutativity, has called into play the geometric techniques based on the deep interplay between algebra, differential geometry and topology. The present book aims at being a guide to advanced differential geometric and topological methods in quantum mechanics. Their main peculiarity lies in the fact that geometry in quantum theory speaks mainly the algebraic language of rings, modules, sheaves and categories. Geometry is by no means the primary scope of the book, but it underlies many ideas in modern quantum physics and provides the most advanced schemes of quantization.
In the last decade, the development of new ideas in quantum theory, including geometric and deformation quantization, the non-Abelian Berry's geometric factor, super- and BRST symmetries, non-commutativity, has called into play the geometric techniques based on the deep interplay between algebra, differential geometry and topology. The book aims at being a guide to advanced differential geometric and topological methods in quantum mechanics. Their main peculiarity lies in the fact that geometry in quantum theory speaks mainly the algebraic language of rings, modules, sheaves and categories. Geometry is by no means the primary scope of the book, but it underlies many ideas in modern quantum physics and provides the most advanced schemes of quantization.
Introduction The main theme of this survey is the quantization of classical mechanical systems in terms of algebraic geometry. The aim is thus to relate questions of mathematics and theoretical physics. We first recall briefly the main problems and methods which turn us to study the new subject. Quantization itself is the main problem of theoretical physics. The need to introduce and develop it was dictated by the creators of quantum theory. According to the ‘Copenhagen philosophy’, the physical predictions of a quantum theory must be formulated in terms of classical concepts (the first sentence of Woodhouse; here we quote the beginning of this survey). Thus in addition to the usual structures (Hilbert space, unitary transformations, selfadjoint operators …, see, for example, Landau and Lifschitz) any reasonable quantum theory has to admit an appropriate passage to a classical limit under which quantum observables are transferred to their classical analogues. However, as Dirac pointed out at the beginning of the quantum age, the correspondence between quantum theory and classical theory should be based not just on numerical coincidences taking place in the limit h → ∞, but on an analogy between their mathematical structures. Classical theory does approximate the quantum theory, but it does more – it supplies a framework for some interpretation of quantum theory. Using this idea, we can in general understand a quantization procedure as a correspondence between classical and quantum theories. In this sense, quantization of the classical mechanical systems is a movement in one direction, while taking the quasiclassical limit goes in the opposite direction.
Introducing a geometric view of fundamental physics, starting from quantum mechanics and its experimental foundations, this book is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in quantum mechanics and mathematical physics. Focusing on structural issues and geometric ideas, this book guides readers from the concepts of classical mechanics to those of quantum mechanics. The book features an original presentation of classical mechanics, with the choice of topics motivated by the subsequent development of quantum mechanics, especially wave equations, Poisson brackets and harmonic oscillators. It also presents new treatments of waves and particles and the symmetries in quantum mechanics, as well as extensive coverage of the experimental foundations.
The mathematical background required for the study of geometric phases in classical and quantum mechanics is rather extensive. The aim of this introductory chapter is to provide a background of some basic notions of classical differential geometry and topology. Classical differential geometry is now a well established tool in modern theoretical physics. Many classical theories like mechanics, electrodynamics, Einstein’s General Relativity or Yang-Mills gauge theories are well known examples where the geometrical methods enter in the natural and very effective way. As we shall see throughout this book, also quantum physics shows its intricate beauty when one applies an appropriate geometric framework. All this proves Wigner’s celebrated statement about the “unreasonable effectiveness” of mathematics in natural sciences. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This book provides a comprehensive treatment of quantum mechanics from a mathematics perspective and is accessible to mathematicians starting with second-year graduate students. It addition to traditional topics, like classical mechanics, mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics, quantization, and the Schrodinger equation, this book gives a mathematical treatment of systems of identical particles with spin, and it introduces the reader to functional methods in quantum mechanics. This includes the Feynman path integral approach to quantum mechanics, integration in functional spaces, the relation between Feynman and Wiener integrals, Gaussian integration and regularized determinants of differential operators, fermion systems and integration over anticommuting (Grassmann) variables, supersymmetry and localization in loop spaces, and supersymmetric derivation of the Atiyah-Singer formula for the index of the Dirac operator. Prior to this book, mathematicians could find these topics only in physics textbooks and in specialized literature. This book is written in a concise style with careful attention to precise mathematics formulation of methods and results.Numerous problems, from routine to advanced, help the reader to master the subject. In addition to providing a fundamental knowledge of quantum mechanics, this book could also serve as a bridge for studying more advanced topics in quantum physics, among them quantum field theory. Prerequisites include standard first-year graduate courses covering linear and abstract algebra, topology and geometry, and real and complex analysis.