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arXiv:math-ph/0407007 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

On the monotonicity of scalar curvature in classical and quantum information geometry

Paolo Gibilisco, Tommaso Isola

Published Jan 14, 2005• 20 citations
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Abstract

We study the monotonicity under mixing of the scalar curvature for the α-geometries on the simplex of probability vectors. From the results obtained and from numerical data, we are led to some conjectures about quantum α-geometries and Wigner–Yanase–Dyson information. Finally, we show that this last conjecture implies the truth of the Petz conjecture about the monotonicity of the scalar curvature of the Bogoliubov–Kubo–Mori monotone metric.

DOI
10.1063/1.1834693

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We study the monotonicity under mixing of the scalar curvature for the α-geometries on the simplex of probability vectors. From the results obtained and from numerical data, we are led to some conjectures about quantum α-geometries and Wigner–Yanase–Dyson information. Finally, we show that this last conjecture implies the truth of the Petz conjecture about the monotonicity of the scalar curvature of the Bogoliubov–Kubo–Mori monotone metric.
The canonical correlation or Kubo-Mori scalar product on the state space of a finite quantum system is a natural generalization of the classical Fisher metric. This metric is induced by the von Neumann entropy or the relative entropy of the quantum mechanical states. An important conjecture of Petz that the scalar curvature of the state space with Kubo-Mori scalar product as Riemannian metric is monotone with respect to the majorisation relation of states: the scalar curvature is increases if one goes to more mixed states. We give an appropriate grouping for the summands in the expression for the scalar curvature. The conjecture will follows from the monotonicity of the summands. We prove the monotonicity for some of these summands and we give numerical evidences that the remaining terms are monotone too. Note that the real density matrices form a submanifold of the complex density matrices. We prove that if Petz's conjecture true for complex density matrices then it is true for real density matrices too.
In the search of appropriate Riemannian metrics on quantum state space, the concept of statistical monotonicity, or contraction under coarse graining, has been proposed by Chentsov. The metrics with this property have been classified by Petz. All the elements of this family of geometries can be seen as quantum analogs of Fisher information. Although there exists a number of general theorems shedding light on this subject, many natural questions, also stemming from applications, are still open. In this paper we discuss a particular member of the family, the Wigner–Yanase information. Using a well-known approach that mimics the classical pull-back approach to Fisher information, we are able to give explicit formulas for the geodesic distance, the geodesic path, the sectional and scalar curvatures associated to Wigner–Yanase information. Moreover, we show that this is the only monotone metric for which such an approach is possible.
Abstract The space of quantum states can be endowed with a metric structure using the second order derivatives of the relative entropy, giving rise to the so-called Kubo–Mori–Bogoliubov inner product. We explore its geometric properties on the submanifold of faithful, zero-displacement Gaussian states parameterised by their covariance matrices, deriving expressions for the geodesic equations, curvature tensors and scalar curvature. Our analysis suggests that the curvature of the manifold is strictly monotonic with respect to the von Neumann entropy, and thus can be interpreted as a measure of state uncertainty. This provides supporting evidence for the Petz conjecture in continuous variable systems.
A Riemannian metric is defined on the state space of a finite quantum system by the canonical correlation (or Kubo–Mori/Bogoliubov scalar product). This metric is infinitesimally induced by the (nonsymmetric) relative entropy functional or the von Neumann entropy of density matrices. Hence its geometry expresses maximal uncertainty. It is proven that the metric is monotone under stochastic mappings, however, an example shows that it is not the only such Riemannian metric. This fact is remarkable because in the probabilistic case, the Markovian monotonicity property characterizes the Fisher information metric. The essential difference appears in the curvatures of a classical state space and a quantum one. A conjecture is made that the scalar curvature is monotone with respect to the ‘‘more mixed’’ (statistical) partial order of density matrices. Furthermore, an information inequality resembling the Cramér–Rao inequality of classical statistics is established. The inequality provides a lower bound for the canonical correlation matrix (of an unbiased observable) and it is saturated when a (partial) observation level and the corresponding family of coarse-grained states are considered.
The theory of monotone Riemannian metrics on the state space of a quantum system was established by Dénes Petz in 1996. In a recent paper he argued that the scalar curvature of a statistically relevant – monotone – metric can be interpreted as an average statistical uncertainty. The present paper contributes to this subject. It is reasonable to expect that states which are more mixed are less distinguishable than those which are less mixed. The manifestation of this behavior could be that for such a metric the scalar curvature has a maximum at the maximally mixed state. We show that not every monotone metric fulfils this expectation, some of them behave in a very different way. A mathematical condition is given for monotone Riemannian metrics to have a local minimum at the maximally mixed state and examples are given for such metrics. 1
The theory of monotone Riemannian metrics on the state space of a quantum system was established by Dénes Petz in 1996. In a recent paper he argued that the scalar curvature of a statistically relevant—monotone—metric can be interpreted as an average statistical uncertainty. The present paper contributes to this subject. It is reasonable to expect that states which are more mixed are less distinguishable than those which are less mixed. The manifestation of this behavior could be that for such a metric the scalar curvature has a maximum at the maximally mixed state. We show that not every monotone metric fulfils this expectation, some of them behave in a very different way. A mathematical condition is given for monotone Riemannian metrics to have a local minimum at the maximally mixed state and examples are given for such metrics.