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arXiv:math-ph/0308037

Duality in quantum information manifolds

R. F. Streater

Published Aug 28, 2003• 1 citation
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Abstract

We consider the quantum information manifold whose underlying set M consists of density operators rho with the extra property that some fractional power of rho is of trace class. The topology is defined by defining a neighbourhood of a point rho to be all density operators that dominate rho and are dominated by rho. We show that this is the same set as that of all states whose relative Hamiltonian X in the sense of Araki is bounded, and such that X(t) is holomorphic in the circle |t| less than 1/2. Here, X(t) is the time evolution of X determined by the modular automorphism defined by rho. We show that M is a Banach manifold in Araki's norm, and that both the canonical and the mixture affine connections can be defined. These are dual relative to the Kubo-Mori metric, and so generalise Amari's dual theory to quantum theory in infinite dimensions.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.math-ph/0308037

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We consider the quantum information manifold whose underlying set M consists of density operators rho with the extra property that some fractional power of rho is of trace class. The topology is defined by defining a neighbourhood of a point rho to be all density operators that dominate rho and are dominated by rho. We show that this is the same set as that of all states whose relative Hamiltonian X in the sense of Araki is bounded, and such that X(t) is holomorphic in the circle |t| less than 1/2. Here, X(t) is the time evolution of X determined by the modular automorphism defined by rho. We show that M is a Banach manifold in Araki's norm, and that both the canonical and the mixture affine connections can be defined. These are dual relative to the Kubo-Mori metric, and so generalise Amari's dual theory to quantum theory in infinite dimensions.
Let [Formula: see text] be a separable Hilbert space. We consider the manifold [Formula: see text] consisting of density operators ρ on [Formula: see text] such that ρp is of trace class for some p ɛ (0, 1). We say [Formula: see text] is nearby ρ if there exists C > 1 such that C−1 ρ < σ < Cρ. We show that the space of nearby points to ρ can be furnished with the two flat connections known as the (±)-affine structures, which are dual relative to the BKM metric. We furnish [Formula: see text] with a norm making it into a Banach manifold.
Let H 0 be a selfadjoint operator such that Tr e −βH 0 is of trace class for some β < 1, and let χ ɛ denote the set of ɛ-bounded forms, i.e., ∥(H 0 +C) −1/2−ɛ X(H 0 +C) −1/2+ɛ ∥ < C for some C > 0. Let χ := Span ∪ ɛ∈(0,1/2] χ ɛ . Let [Formula: see text] denote the underlying set of the quantum information manifold of states of the form ρ x = e −H 0 −X−ψx , X ∈ χ. We show that if Tr e −H 0 = 1. 1. the map Φ, [Formula: see text] is a quantum Young function defined on χ 2. The Orlicz space defined by Φ is the tangent space of [Formula: see text] at ρ 0 ; its affine structure is defined by the (+1)-connection of Amari 3. The subset of a ‘hood of ρ 0 , consisting of p-nearby states (those [Formula: see text] obeying C −1 ρ 1+p ≤ σ ≤ Cρ 1 − p for some C > 1) admits a flat affine connection known as the (−1) connection, and the span of this set is part of the cotangent space of [Formula: see text] 4. These dual structures extend to the completions in the Luxemburg norms.
Introduction The aim of information geometry is to introduce a suitable geometrical structure on families of probability distributions or quantum states. For parametrised statistical models, such structure is based on two fundamental notions: the Fisher information and the exponential family with its dual mixed parametrisation, see for example (Amari 1985, Amari and Nagaoka 2000). For the non-parametric situation, the solution was given by Pistone and Sempi (Pistone and Sempi 1995, Pistone and Rogantin 1999), who introduced a Banach manifold structure on the set P of probability distributions, equivalent to a given one. For each µ ∈ ρ, the authors considered the non-parametric exponential family at µ. As it turned out, this provides a C ∞ -atlas on ρ, with the exponential Orlicz spaces Lφ(µ) as the underlying Banach spaces, here φ is the Young function of the form φ(x) = cosh(x) — 1. The present contribution deals with the case of quantum states: we want to introduce a similar manifold structure on the set of faithful normal states of a von Neumann algebra M. Since there is no suitable definition of a non-commutative Orlicz space with respect to a state φ, it is not clear how to choose the Banach space for the manifold. Of course, there is a natural Banach space structure, inherited from the predualM. But, as it was already pointed out in (Streater 2004), this structure is not suitable to define the geometry of states: for example, any neighbourhood of a state φ contains states such that the relative entropy with respect to φ is infinite.
Quantum connections are defined by parallel transport operators acting on a Hilbert space. They transport tangent operators along paths in parameter space. The metric tensor of a Riemannian manifold is replaced by an inner product of pairs of operator fields, similar to the inner product of the Kubo-Mori formalism of Linear Response Theory. The metric is used to define the dual of a quantum connection.The gradient of the parallel transport operators is the quantum vector potential. It defines the covariant derivative of operator fields. The covariant derivatives are used to quantify the holonomy of the quantum connection. It is shown that a quantum connection is holonomic if and only if its dual is holonomic. If the parallel transport operators are unitary then an alpha-family of quantum connections can be defined in a way similar to Amari's alpha family of connections in Information Geometry. The minus alpha connection is the dual of the alpha connection. In particular, the alpha equal zero connection is self-dual. An operator field can be combined with a path in parameter space to produce a path in operator space. A definition is given for such a path in operator space to be autoparallel. The path in parameter space is then a geodesic for the induced connection.
We unify two emergent aspects of quantum theory within a single information-geometricframework based on the Araki relative entropy and the associated Bogoliubov–Kubo–Mori(BKM) metric on a von Neumann algebra state manifold.First, we show that in the commutative reduction to a spatial density subalgebra, theBKM metric becomes the classical Fisher information metric. Its trace gives, after a singlenormalization choice, the expectation value of the Bohmian quantum potential, and thecorresponding Bohmian trajectories arise as Jacobi geodesics of a conformally related metric.The guidance equation is then recovered from the polar decomposition of states satisfyingthe emergent Schr¨odinger equation.Second, we show that the modular flow of the reference state yields the Heisenbergand von Neumann equations, and that the physical Schr¨odinger equation follows under astandard unitary state implementation. In the finite regulated K¨ahler sector, geometricprequantization of the BKM state manifold leads to a discrete horizon area spectrum and touncertainty relations, with an induced gravitational coupling derived from the Seeley–DeWittcoefficient [1].No continuum limit is taken, and no identification with the observed Newton constantis assumed. The results exhibit a common information-geometric framework for Bohmianmechanics, quantum dynamics, and emergent gravitational structures.