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arXiv:math-ph/0303009 · Open Systems & Information Dynamics

A Unified Scheme for Generalized Sectors Based on Selection Criteria: Order Parameters of Symmetries and of Thermality and Physical Meanings of Adjunctions

Izumi Ojima

Published Sep 1, 2003• 34 citations
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Abstract

A unified scheme for treating generalized superselection sectors is proposed on the basis of the notion of selection criteria to characterize states of relevance to each specific domain in quantum physics, ranging from the relativistic quantum fields in the vacuum situations with unbroken and spontaneously broken internal symmetries, through equilibrium and non-equilibrium states to some basic aspects in measurement processes. This is achieved by the help of c → q and q → c channels: the former determines the states to be selected and to be parameterized by the order parameters, and the latter provides the physical interpretations of selected states in terms of order parameters. This formulation extends the traditional range of applicability of the Doplicher-Roberts construction method for recovering the field algebra and the gauge group (of the first kind) from the data of group invariant observables to the situations with spontaneous symmetry breakdown: in use of the machinery proposed, the physical and mathematical meaning of basic structural ingredients associated with the spontaneously broken symmetry are re-examined, such as the degenerate vacua parameterized by the variables belonging to the relevant homogeneous space, the Goldstone modes and condensates, etc. The geometrical meaning of the space of order parameters is naturally understood in relation with the adjunction as the classifying space of a sector structure. As further examples of applications, some basic notions arising in the mathematical framework of quantum theory are reformulated and examined in connection with control theory.

DOI
10.1023/a:1025175907589

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A unified scheme for treating generalized superselection sectors is proposed on the basis of the notion of selection criteria to characterize states of relevance to each specific domain in quantum physics, ranging from the relativistic quantum fields in the vacuum situations with unbroken and spontaneously broken internal symmetries, through equilibrium and non-equilibrium states to some basic aspects in measurement processes. This is achieved by the help of c → q and q → c channels: the former determines the states to be selected and to be parameterized by the order parameters, and the latter provides the physical interpretations of selected states in terms of order parameters. This formulation extends the traditional range of applicability of the Doplicher-Roberts construction method for recovering the field algebra and the gauge group (of the first kind) from the data of group invariant observables to the situations with spontaneous symmetry breakdown: in use of the machinery proposed, the physical and mathematical meaning of basic structural ingredients associated with the spontaneously broken symmetry are re-examined, such as the degenerate vacua parameterized by the variables belonging to the relevant homogeneous space, the Goldstone modes and condensates, etc. The geometrical meaning of the space of order parameters is naturally understood in relation with the adjunction as the classifying space of a sector structure. As further examples of applications, some basic notions arising in the mathematical framework of quantum theory are reformulated and examined in connection with control theory.
A unified scheme for treating generalized superselection sectors is proposed on the basis of the notion of selection criteria to characterize states of relevance to each specific domain in quantum physics, ranging from the relativistic quantum fields in the vacuum situations with unbroken and spontaneously broken internal symmetries, through equilibrium and non-equilibrium states to the some basic aspects in measurement processes. This is achieved by the help of \textit{c} →\to→ \textit{q} and \textit{q} →\to→ \textit{c} channels, the former of which determines the states to be selected and to be parametrized by the order parameters defined as the spectrum of the centre constituting the superselection sectors, and the latter of which provides, as classifying maps, the physical interpretations of selected states in terms of order parameters. This formulation extends the traditional range of applicability of the Doplicher-Roberts construction method for recovering the field algebra and the gauge group (of the first kind) from the data of group invariant observables to the situations with spontaneous symmetry breakdown, as will be reported in a succeeding paper.
A unified scheme for treating generalized superselection sectors is proposed on the basis of the notion of selection criteria to characterize states of relevance to each specific domain in quantum physics, ranging from the relativistic quantum fields in the vacuum situations with unbroken and spontaneously broken internal symmetries, through equi- librium and non-equilibrium states (see [1] for details).This is achieved by the help of carrowqcarrow qcarrowq and qarrowcqarrow cqarrowc channels, the former of which determines the states to be selected and to be parametrized by the order parameters defined as the spectrum of the centre constituting the su- perselection sectors, and the latter of which provides, as classifying maps, the physical interpretations of selected states in terms of order parameters.
In algebraic quantum field theory the (inverse) temperature is shown to be a macroscopic order parameter to parametrize mutually dis- joint thermal sectors arising from the broken scale invariance under renormalization-group transformations.This is accomplished in a mathematical formalism for the consistent treatment of explicitly broken symmetries such as broken scale invari- ance, on the basis of a clear-cut criterion for the symmetry breakdown in a unified scheme for sectors proposed recently by the author.
In algebraic quantum field theory the (inverse) temperature is shown to be a macroscopic \textit{order parameter} to parametrize mutually disjoint thermal \textit{sectors} arising from the \textit{broken scale invariance} under renormalization-group transformations. This is accomplished in a mathematical formalism for the consistent treatment of \textit{explicitly broken symmetries} such as broken scale invariance, on the basis of a clear-cut criterion for the symmetry breakdown in a unified scheme for sectors proposed recently by the author.
In algebraic quantum field theory the (inverse) temperature is shown to be a macroscopic order parameter to parametrize mutually disjoint thermal sectors arising from the broken scale invariance under renormalization-group transformations. This is accomplished in a mathematical formalism for the consistent treatment of explicitly broken symmetries such as broken scale invariance, on the basis of a clearcut criterion for the symmetry breakdown in a unified scheme for sectors proposed recently by the author.
Micro-Macro Duality means here the universal mutual relations between the microscopic quantum world and various macroscopic classical levels, which can be formulated mathematically as categorical adjunctions. It underlies a unified scheme for generalized sectors based upon selection criteria proposed by myself in 2003 to control different branches of physics from a unified viewpoint, which has played essential roles in extending the Doplicher-Haag-Roberts superselection theory to various situations with spontaneously as well as explicitly broken symmetries. Along this line of thought, the state correlations between a system and a measuring apparatus necessary for measurements can canonically be formulated within the context of group duality; the obtained measurement scheme is not restricted to the quantum mechanical situations with finite number of particles but can safely be applied to quantum field theory with infinite degrees of freedom whose local subalgebras are given by type III von Neumann algebras.