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arXiv:hep-th/9904154 · AIP conference proceedings

Non relativistic limit of a Model of Fermions interacting through a Chern-Simons field

A. J. da Silva

Published Jan 1, 1999• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study the non relativistic limit of a Model of Fermions interacting through a Chern-Simons Field, from a perspective that resembles the Wilson’s Renormalization Group approach, instead of the more usual approach found in most texts of Field Theory. The solution of some difficulties, and a new understanding of non relativistic models is given.

DOI
10.1063/1.59657

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We study the non relativistic limit of a Model of Fermions interacting through a Chern-Simons Field, from a perspective that resembles the Wilson’s Renormalization Group approach, instead of the more usual approach found in most texts of Field Theory. The solution of some difficulties, and a new understanding of non relativistic models is given.
We study the non relativistic limit of a model of fermions interacting through a Chern-Simons field, from a perspective that resembles the Wilson Renormalization Group (WRG) approach. The main difference of our approach to WRG is that instead of working in the Euclidean space, we directly work in Minkowski space. For the nonrelativistic limit this procedure admits a more direct interpretation of the results. As we will see, this modified WRG approach solves some difficulties, and gives a new understanding of non relativistic models that are not clear in the usual "classical" nonrelativistic (CNR) limit found in most text books. The method is general and our choice of the Chern-Simons as the gauge field is only for the sake of simplicity of illustration.
Starting from the non-relativistic field theory of spin- fermions interacting through the Abelian Chern-Simons term, we show that the quantized field theory leads, in the two-particle sector, to a two-particle Aharonov-Bohm-like Schrödinger equation with an antisymmetric (fermionic) wavefunction and without a delta function term. Calculating perturbatively the field-theoretic two-particle scattering amplitude up to one-loop order, we show that, in contrast to the scalar theory, the contribution of all the one-loop diagrams is finite and null, and that of the tree level ones coincides with the exact amplitude. Further, the Pauli matter-magnetic field interaction term is shown not to contribute to the amplitude to this order.
I describe a condensed matter system in terms of interacting quantum fields. In this electronic system, gauge interactions of non electromagnetic origin are generated effectively with a topological term in the effective action and play a leading role in describing the physics. Using the renormalization group and large-N expansion technique, I analyze the low energy sector of a U (1) × U (1) model in three dimensional space-time with a potential of sixth order in the scalar fields coupled to mixed Chern-Simons gauge fields. From the quantum effective potential, I derive various renormalization group functions and the fixed points associated with a quantum phase transition.
Quantum phase transitions in quantum magnets constitute an important field that has attracted great interests. Although a variety of analytic and numerical methods have been introduced in this direction, faithful fermionic descriptions are still desired because they can transform the spin models to a form tractable by conventional many-body techniques, yielding more transparent physical pictures. We generalize the Chern-Simons fermionization approach and apply it to the XXZ quantum magnets. After fermionzation, the Ising interaction of the XXZ spin model leads to a fermion-fermion interaction. We show that the additional fermion-fermion interaction generates an interesting phase transition between two fermionic ordered states, i.e., the Chern-Simons superconductor and the Chern-Simons exciton insulator. We also demonstrate that this transition in the fermionic language essentially describes the quantum phase transition between the planar and out-of-plane N\'eel orders in the spin picture. The fermionic mean-field theory further leads to a nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model that describes the quantum phase transition, which is further supported by our density matrix renormalization group calculations in the original spin model. Our work introduces a fermionic interpretation of quantum phase transitions and advances the existing knowledge of quantum magnets.
The energy density is computed for a U(2) Chern-Simons theory coupled to a non-relativistic fermion field (a theory of ``non-Abelian anyons'') under the assumptions of uniform charge and matter density. When the matter field is a spinless fermion, we find that this energy is independent of the two Chern-Simons coupling constants and is minimized when the non-Abelian charge density is zero. This suggests that there is no spontaneous breaking of the SU(2) subgroup of the symmetry, at least in this mean-field approximation. For spin-1/2 fermions, we find self-consistent mean-field states with a small non-Abelian charge density, which vanishes as the theory of free fermions is approached.