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arXiv:hep-th/9810107 · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields

EntropicCtheorems in free and interacting two-dimensional field theories

José Gaite

Published Jan 25, 2000• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The relative entropy in two-dimensional field theory is studied on a cylinder geometry, interpreted as finite-temperature field theory. The width of the cylinder provides an infrared scale that allows us to define a dimensionless relative entropy analogous to Zamolodchikov's c function. The one-dimensional quantum thermodynamic entropy gives rise to another monotonic dimensionless quantity. I illustrate these monotonicity theorems with examples ranging from free field theories to interacting models soluble with the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. Both dimensionless entropies are explicitly shown to be monotonic in the examples that we analyze.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.61.045006

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The relative entropy in two-dimensional field theory is studied on a cylinder geometry, interpreted as finite-temperature field theory. The width of the cylinder provides an infrared scale that allows us to define a dimensionless relative entropy analogous to Zamolodchikov's c function. The one-dimensional quantum thermodynamic entropy gives rise to another monotonic dimensionless quantity. I illustrate these monotonicity theorems with examples ranging from free field theories to interacting models soluble with the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. Both dimensionless entropies are explicitly shown to be monotonic in the examples that we analyze.
The relative entropy in two-dimensional field theory is studied for its application as an irreversible quantity under the renormalization group, relying on a general monotonicity theorem for that quantity previously established. In the cylinder geometry, interpreted as finite-temperature field theory, one can define from the relative entropy a monotonic quantity similar to Zamolodchikov's ccc function. On the other hand, the one-dimensional quantum thermodynamic entropy also leads to a monotonic quantity, with different properties. The relation of thermodynamic quantities with the complex components of the stress tensor is also established and hence the entropic ccc theorems are proposed as analogs of Zamolodchikov's ccc theorem for the cylinder geometry.
Universal scaling terms occurring in R\'enyi entanglement entropies have the potential to bring new understanding to quantum critical points in free and interacting systems. Quantitative comparisons between analytical continuum theories and numerical calculations on lattice models play a crucial role in advancing such studies. In this paper, we exactly calculate the universal two-cylinder shape dependence of entanglement entropies for free bosons on finite-size square lattices, and compare to approximate functions derived in the continuum using several different Ans\"atze. Although none of these Ans\"atze are exact in the thermodynamic limit, we find that numerical fits are in good agreement with continuum functions derived using the anti--de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, an extensive mutual information model, and a quantum Lifshitz model. We use fits of our lattice data to these functions to calculate universal scalars defined in the thin-cylinder limit, and compare to values previously obtained for the free boson field theory in the continuum.
We prove a C-theorem within the framework of two dimensional quantum field theories at finite temperature. There exists a function C(g) of coupling constants which is non-increasing along renormalization group trajectories and non-decreasing along temperature trajectory and stationary only at the fixed points. The connection between the C-theorem at zero temperature and the C-theorem at finite temperature is discussed. We also consider the thermodynamical aspects of the C-theorem. If we define the C-function in an arbitrary number of dimensions in anology to the two dimensional case, we can show that its behavior is not universal. The phase transitions destroy the monotonic properties of the C-function. The proof of the C-theorem is also presented within the framework of the Kallen-Lehmann spectral representation at finite temperature.
We consider relative entropy in Field Theory as a well defined (non-divergent) quantity of interest. We establish a monotonicity property with respect to the couplings in the theory. As a consequence, the relative entropy in a field theory with a hierarchy of renormalization group fixed points ranks the fixed points in decreasing order of criticality. We argue from a generalized HHH theorem that Wilsonian RG flows induce an increase in entropy and propose the relative entropy as the natural quantity which increases from one fixed point to another in more than two dimensions.
Abstract We compute universal finite corrections to entanglement entropy for generalised quantum Lifshitz models in arbitrary odd spacetime dimensions. These are generalised free field theories with Lifshitz scaling symmetry, where the dynamical critical exponent z equals the number of spatial dimensions d, and which generalise the 2+1-dimensional quantum Lifshitz model to higher dimensions. We analyse two cases: one where the spatial manifold is a d-dimensional sphere and the entanglement entropy is evaluated for a hemisphere, and another where a d-dimensional flat torus is divided into two cylinders. In both examples the finite universal terms in the entanglement entropy are scale invariant and depend on the compactification radius of the scalar field.
Entanglement entropy has proven to be a powerful tool for probing renormalization group (RG) flows in quantum field theories, with c-functions derived from it serving as candidate measures of the effective number of degrees of freedom. While the monotonicity of such c-functions is well established in many settings, notable exceptions occur in theories with a mass scale. In this work, we investigate entanglement c-functions in the context of holographic RG flows, with a particular focus on flows across dimensions induced by circle compactifications. We argue that in spacetime dimensions d≥4d \geq 4d≥4, standard constructions of c-functions, which rely on higher derivatives of the entanglement entropy of either a ball or a cylinder, generically lead to non-monotonic behavior. Working with known dual geometries, we argue that the non-monotonicity stems not from any pathology or curvature singularity, but from a transition in the holographic Ryu--Takayanagi surface. In compactifications from four to three dimensions, we propose a modified construction that restores monotonicity in the infrared, although a fully monotonic ultraviolet extension remains elusive. Furthermore, motivated by entanglement entropy inequalities, we conjecture a bound on the cylinder entanglement c-function, which holds in all our examples.