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arXiv:hep-th/9809058

Finite Size Formula in the XYZ Spin Chain

Fujii, Yasuhiro, Miki Wadati

Published Sep 9, 1998• 0 citations
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Abstract

The XYZ spin chain with boundaries is studied. We construct the vacuum state by the vertex operators in the level one modules of the elliptic algebra, and compact it through a geometric symmetry of the model called the turning symmetry. From this simplified expression the ``finite size formula'' for magnetizations in the bounded and in the half-infinite chains is deduced. Applying this formula we calculate the spontaneous magnetization in the bounded XYZ model.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9809058

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The XYZ spin chain with boundaries is studied. We construct the vacuum state by the vertex operators in the level one modules of the elliptic algebra, and compact it through a geometric symmetry of the model called the turning symmetry. From this simplified expression the ``finite size formula'' for magnetizations in the bounded and in the half-infinite chains is deduced. Applying this formula we calculate the spontaneous magnetization in the bounded XYZ model.
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We conjecture exact and simple formulas for some physical quantities in two quantum chains. A classic result of this type is Onsager, Kaufman and Yang's formula for the spontaneous magnetization in the Ising model, subsequently generalized to the chiral Potts models. We conjecture that analogous results occur in the XYZ chain when the couplings obey J x J y + J y J z + J x J z = 0, and in a related fermion chain with strong interactions and supersymmetry. We find exact formulas for the magnetization and gap in the former, and the staggered density in the latter, by exploiting the fact that certain quantities are independent of finite-size effects.
The entanglement in quantum XY spin chains of arbitrary length is investigated via the geometric measure of entanglement. The emergence of entanglement is explained intuitively from the perspective of perturbations. The model is solved exactly and the energy spectrum is determined and analyzed in particular for the lowest two levels for both finite and infinite systems. The overlaps for these two levels are calculated analytically for arbitrary number of spins. The entanglement is hence obtained by maximizing over a single parameter. The corresponding ground-state entanglement surface is then determined over the entire phase diagram, and its behavior can be used to delineate the boundaries in the phase diagram. For example, the field-derivative of the entanglement becomes singular along the critical line. The form of the divergence is derived analytically and it turns out to be dictated by the universality class controlling the quantum phase transition. The behavior of the entanglement near criticality can be understood via a scaling hypothesis, analogous to that for free energies. The entanglement density vanishes along the so-called disorder line in the phase diagram, the ground space is doubly degenerate and spanned by two product states. The entanglement for the superposition of the lowest two states is also calculated. The exact value of the entanglement depends on the specific form of superposition. However, in the thermodynamic limit the entanglement density turns out to be independent of the superposition. This proves that the entanglement density is insensitive to whether the ground state is chosen to be the spontaneously Z2Z_2Z2​ symmetry broken one or not. The finite-size scaling of entanglement at critical points is also investigated from two different view points. First, the maximum in the field-derivative of the entanglement density is computed and fitted to a logarithmic dependence of the system size, thereby deducing the correlation length exponent for the Ising class using only the behavior of entanglement. Second, the entanglement density itself is shown to possess a correction term inversely proportional to the system size, with the coefficient being universal (but with different values for the ground state and the first excited state, respectively).