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arXiv:hep-th/9709179 · Talk given at

The Gross-Neveu Model with Chemical Potential; An Effective Theory for Solitonic-Metallic Phase Transition in Polyacetylene?

Hisakazu Minakata, Alan Chodos

Published Sep 25, 1997• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The Gross-Neveu model with chemical potential is investigated as a low-energy effective theory of polyacetylene. In particular, we focus on the abrupt change in the features of electric conductivity such as sharp rise in the Pauli paramagnetism at dopant concentration of about 6%. We will try to explain it by the finite density phase transition in the Gross-Neveu model. The thermodynamic Bethe ansatz is combined with the large-N expansion to construct thermodynamics of the Gross-Neveu model. A first-order phase transition is found in leading order in the 1/N expansion and it appears to be stable against the 1/N correction. The next to leading order correction to the critical dopant concentration is explicitly calculated.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9709179

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The Gross-Neveu model with chemical potential is investigated as a low-energy effective theory of polyacetylene. In particular, we focus on the abrupt change in the features of electric conductivity such as sharp rise in the Pauli paramagnetism at dopant concentration of about 6%. We will try to explain it by the finite density phase transition in the Gross-Neveu model. The thermodynamic Bethe ansatz is combined with the large-N expansion to construct thermodynamics of the Gross-Neveu model. A first-order phase transition is found in leading order in the 1/N expansion and it appears to be stable against the 1/N correction. The next to leading order correction to the critical dopant concentration is explicitly calculated.
The two-dimensional Gross-Neveu model is anticipated to undergo a crystalline phase transition at high baryon charge densities. This conclusion is drawn from the mean-field approximation, which closely resembles models of Peierls instability. We demonstrate that this transition indeed occurs when both the rank of the symmetry group and the dimension of the particle representation contributing to the baryon density are large (the large N limit). We derive this result through the exact solution of the model, developing the large N limit of the Bethe ansatz. Our analytical construction of the large-N solution of the Bethe ansatz equations aligns perfectly with the periodic (finite-gap) solution of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) of the mean-field analysis.
During the last few years, the phase diagram of the large N Gross-Neveu model in 1+1 dimensions at finite temperature and chemical potential has undergone a major revision. Here we present a streamlined account of this development, collecting the most important results. Quasi-one-dimensional condensed matter systems like conducting polymers provide real physical systems which can be approximately described by the Gross-Neveu model and have played some role in establishing its phase structure. The kink-antikink phase found at low temperatures is closely related to inhomogeneous superconductors in the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell phase. With the complete phase diagram at hand, the Gross-Neveu model can now serve as a firm testing ground for new algorithms and theoretical ideas.
During the last few years, the phase diagram of the large N Gross–Neveu model in 1 + 1 dimensions at finite temperature and chemical potential has undergone a major revision. Here, we present a streamlined account of this development, collecting the most important results. Quasi-one-dimensional condensed matter systems like conducting polymers provide real physical systems which can be approximately described by the Gross–Neveu model and have played some role in establishing its phase structure. The kink–antikink phase found at low temperatures is closely related to inhomogeneous superconductors in the Larkin–Ovchinnikov–Fulde–Ferrell phase. With the complete phase diagram at hand, the Gross–Neveu model can now serve as a firm testing ground for new algorithms and theoretical ideas.
The canonical Gross-Neveu model for N two-component Dirac fermions in 2+1 dimensions suffers a continuous phase transition at a critical interaction gc1∼1/N at large N , at which its continuous symmetry SO(2N) is preserved and a discrete (Ising) symmetry becomes spontaneously broken. A recent mean-field calculation, however, points to an additional transition at a different critical gc2∼−Ngc1 , at which SO(2N)→SO(N)×SO(N) . To study the latter phase transition we rewrite the Gross-Neveu interaction g(ψ¯ψ)2 in terms of three different quartic terms for the single ( L=1 ) 4N -component real (Majorana) fermion, and then extend the theory to L>1 . This allows us to track the evolution of the fixed points of the renormalization group transformation starting from L≫1 , where one can discern three distinct critical points which correspond to continuous phase transitions into (1) SO(2N) -singlet mass-order-parameter, (2) SO(2N) -symmetric-tensor mass-order-parameters, and (3) SO(2N) -adjoint nematic-order-parameters, down to L=1 value that is relevant to the standard Gross-Neveu model. Below the critical value of Lc(N)≈0.35N for N≫1 only the Gross-Neveu critical point (1) still implies a diverging susceptibility for its corresponding ( SO(2N) -singlet) order parameter, whereas the two new critical points that existed at large L ultimately become equivalent to the Gaussian fixed point at L=1 . We interpret this metamorphosis of the SO(2N) -symmetric-tensor fixed point from critical to spurious as an indication that the transition at gc2 in the original Gross-Neveu model is turned first-order by fluctuations. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Wilson–Fisher expansion near upper critical dimension has proven to be an invaluable conceptual and computational tool in our understanding of the universal critical behavior in the [Formula: see text] field theories that describe low-energy physics of the canonical models, such as Ising, XY, and Heisenberg. Here, I review its application to a class of the Gross–Neveu–Yukawa (GNY) field theories, which emerge as possible universal description of a number of quantum phase transitions in electronic two-dimensional systems such as graphene and d-wave superconductors. GNY field theories may be viewed as minimal modifications of the [Formula: see text] field theories in which the order parameter is coupled to relativistic Dirac fermions through Yukawa term and which still exhibit critical fixed points in the suitably formulated Wilson–Fisher [Formula: see text]-expansion. I discuss the unified GNY field theory for a set of different symmetry-breaking patterns, with focus on the semimetal-Néel-ordered-Mott insulator quantum phase transition in the half-filled Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice, for which a comparison between the state-of-the-art [Formula: see text]-expansion, quantum Monte Carlo, large N, and functional renormalization-group calculations can be made.
We present a simulation method to compute the time-dependent properties of a system of fermions coupled to classical degrees of freedom. The method is employed to calculate the static and dynamic properties of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model for polyacetylene chains. Our results for the static quantities for chains, containing up to 256 electrons on 256 sites, are in excellent agreement with previous work and confirm that solitons are only present for very small doping. Our simulation data for the optical absorption as a function of dopant concentration are in good agreement with experiment.