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arXiv:hep-th/9406080 · Journal of Mathematical Physics

Canonical coherent states for the relativistic harmonic oscillator

V. Aldaya, Julio Guerrero

Published Jul 1, 1995• 12 citations
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Abstract

In this paper there are constructed manifestly covariant relativistic coherent states on the entire complex plane which reproduce others previously introduced on a given SL(2,R) representation, once a change of variables z∈C→zD∈ unit disk is performed. Also introduced are higher-order, relativistic creation and annihilation operators, â,â°, with canonical commutation relation [â, â°]=1 rather than the covariant one [ẑ, ẑ°]≊ energy and naturally associated with the SL(2,R) group. The canonical (relativistic) coherent states are then defined as eigenstates of â. Finally, a canonical, minimal representation is constructed in configuration space by means of eigenstates of a canonical position operator.

DOI
10.1063/1.531024

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In this paper there are constructed manifestly covariant relativistic coherent states on the entire complex plane which reproduce others previously introduced on a given SL(2,R) representation, once a change of variables z∈C→zD∈ unit disk is performed. Also introduced are higher-order, relativistic creation and annihilation operators, â,â°, with canonical commutation relation [â, â°]=1 rather than the covariant one [ẑ, ẑ°]≊ energy and naturally associated with the SL(2,R) group. The canonical (relativistic) coherent states are then defined as eigenstates of â. Finally, a canonical, minimal representation is constructed in configuration space by means of eigenstates of a canonical position operator.
Recently we have obtained, on the basis of a group approach to quantization, a Bargmann-Fock-like realization of the Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator as well as a generalized Bargmann transform relating fock wave functions and a set of relativistic Hermite polynomials. Nevertheless, the relativistic creation and annihilation operators satisfy typical relativistic commutation relations of the Lie product (vector-z, vector-z(sup dagger)) approximately equals Energy (an SL(2,R) algebra). Here we find higher-order polarization operators on the SL(2,R) group, providing canonical creation and annihilation operators satisfying the Lie product (vector-a, vector-a(sup dagger)) = identity vector 1, the eigenstates of which are 'true' coherent states.
Commuting translations in the phase plane are shown to be observables that are canonically conjugate to the annihilation operator of the harmonic oscillator states. The eigenfunctions and the eigenvalues of these commuting operators form the kq-representation. The eigenfunctions of the annihilation operator are the coherent states. The kq-eigenfunctions and the coherent states are the limiting cases of quantum-mechanical and classical wavefunctions, respectively, and it is satisfying to discover that they relate to canonically conjugate operators.
Continuing the line of development of Paper I [J. Math. Phys. 15, 1295 (1974)], we enlarge the concept of canonical transformations in quantum mechanics in two directions: first, by allowing the definition of a canonical transformation to be made through the preservation of an so(2,1) algebra, rather than the usual Heisenberg algebra, and providing the bridge between the classical and quantum mechanical descriptions, and, second, through the complexification of the transformation group. In this paper we study specifically the transformations which can be interpreted as the radial part of n-dimensional complex linear transformations in Paper I. We show that we can build Hilbert spaces of analytic functions with a scalar product defined through integration over half the complex plane of a variable which has the meaning of a complex radius. A unitary mapping to the ordinary Hilbert space Lrn−12(0,∞) is provided with a kernel involving a Bessel function. Special cases of this are shown to be the Barut-Girardello, one-dimensional Bargmann and Hankel transforms. The transform kernels provide a series of representations of a subsemigroup of SL(2,C) and allow the construction of coherent states for the harmonic oscillator with an extra centrifugal force. We present a hyperdifferential operator realization of these transforms which yields new Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff and special function relations.
It is shown that the generalization of the quantum harmonic oscillator to the case of the relativistic configurational space is a q-oscillator. The corresponding group of dynamical symmetry is the quantum group SUq(1,1). The deformation parameter being q=e- omega omega 0/ where omega 0=4mc2 and omega is a frequency of the oscillator. The deformed creation and annihilation operators are finite difference ones. The corresponding deformation of the Heisenberg-Weyl group and new coherent states are also considered.
We generalize Schwinger boson representation of SU(2) algebra to SU(N) and define coherent states of SU(N) using 2(2N−1−1) bosonic harmonic oscillator creation and annihilation operators. We give an explicit construction of all (N-1) Casimirs of SU(N) in terms of these creation and annihilation operators. The SU(N) coherent states belonging to any irreducible representations of SU(N) are labeled by the eigenvalues of the Casimir operators and are characterized by (N-1) complex orthonormal vectors describing the SU(N) manifold. The coherent states provide a resolution of identity, satisfy the continuity property, and possess a variety of group theoretic properties.
This is a pedagogical paper where we present a physically motivated approach to introduce the coherent states of a harmonic oscillator from which it is simple to rigorously derive their mathematical definition. We do this in two different ways that turn out to be equivalent but emphasize two related but different aspects of classicality. First, we analyze which are the quantum states that are the closest one can get to a point in phase space and demonstrate the validity of the following theorem: (i) The product of the uncertainty in position and that of momentum saturates the bound imposed by Heisenberg uncertainty relations for all times if and only if the state is an eigenstate of the annihilation operator. Second, we analyze the way in which the difference between the expectation value of the energy and the energy associated with the expectation values of position and momentum depends on the state, and show the validity of the following theorem (ii) the difference between the expectation value of the energy and the energy associated with the expectation values is minimal if and only if the state is an eigenstate of the annihilation operator. We also show that the reason why coherent states are chosen as the most classical ones by the decoherence process induced by coupling the particle to an environment in the standard Quantum Brownian motion model, is precisely due to the validity of the two above theorems.