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arXiv:hep-th/9402043

A Dynamical System Connected with Inhomogeneous 6-Vertex Model

I. G. Korepanov

Published Feb 8, 1994• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A completely integrable dynamical system in discrete time is studied by means of algebraic geometry. The system is associated with factorization of a linear operator acting in a direct sum of three linear spaces into a product of three operators, each acting nontrivially only in a direct sum of two spaces, and the following reversing of the order of factors. There exists a reduction of the system interpreted as a classical field theory in 2+1-dimensional space-time, the integrals of motion coinciding, in essence, with the statistical sum of an inhomogeneous 6-vertex free-fermion model on the 2-dimensional kagome lattice (here the statistical sum is a function of two parameters). Thus, a connection with the ``local'', or ``generalized'', quantum Yang--Baxter equation is revealed.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9402043

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A completely integrable dynamical system in discrete time is studied by means of algebraic geometry. The system is associated with factorization of a linear operator acting in a direct sum of three linear spaces into a product of three operators, each acting nontrivially only in a direct sum of two spaces, and the following reversing of the order of factors. There exists a reduction of the system interpreted as a classical field theory in 2+1-dimensional space-time, the integrals of motion coinciding, in essence, with the statistical sum of an inhomogeneous 6-vertex free-fermion model on the 2-dimensional kagome lattice (here the statistical sum is a function of two parameters). Thus, a connection with the local'', or generalized'', quantum Yang--Baxter equation is revealed.
This paper considers aspects of a Kagome lattice system with states classified by plane partitions. Using two sets of free fermions, we rewrite the lattice in terms of two families of spin chains. In this formalism, the quantum crystals Hamiltonian becomes more transparent, and we determine expressions for the first 3 levels of plane partition states. A classical statistical model associated to local configurations in the Kagome lattice is also defined, and we show that a reduction of this classical system gives two Yang-Baxter integrable subsystems analogous to a descendant of the 6-vertex model.
The Yang-Baxter-Zamolodchikov-Faddeev (YBZF) algebras and their many applications are the subject of this reivew. I start by the solvable lattice statistical models constructed from YBZF algebras. All two-dimensional integrable vertex models follow in this way and are solvable via Bethe Ansatz (BA) and their generalizations. The six-vertex model solution and its q(2q−1) vertex generalization including its nested BA construction are exposed. YBZF algebras and their associated physical models are classified in terms of simple Lie algebras. It is shown how these lattice models yield both solvable massive quantum field theories (QFT) and conformal models in appropriated scaling (continuous) limits within the lattice light-cone approach. The method of finite-size calculations from the BA is described as well as its applications to derive the conformal properties of integrable lattice models. It is conjectured that all integrable QFT and conformal models follow in a scaling limit from these YBZF algebras. A discussion on braid and quantum groups concludes this review.
We have found a family of solvable nineteen vertex model with statistical configurations invariant by the time reversal symmetry within a systematic study of the respective Yang–Baxter relation. The Boltzmann weights sit on a degree seven algebraic threefold which is shown birationally equivalent to the three-dimensional projective space. This permits to write parameterized expressions for both the transition operator and the R-matrix depending on three independent affine spectral parameters. The Hamiltonian limit tells us that the azimuthal magnetic field term is connected with the asymmetry among two types of spectral variables. The absence of magnetic field defines a physical submanifold whose geometrical properties are remarkably shown to be governed by a quartic K3 surface. This expands considerably the class of irrational manifolds that could emerge in the theory of quantum integrable models.
Abstract The dimer model on a strip is considered as a Yang–Baxter integrable six vertex model at the free-fermion point with crossing parameter and quantum group invariant boundary conditions. A one-to-many mapping of vertex onto dimer configurations allows for the solution of the free-fermion model to be applied to the anisotropic dimer model on a square lattice where the dimers are rotated by compared to their usual orientation. In a suitable gauge, the dimer model is described by the Temperley–Lieb algebra with loop fugacity . It follows that the model is exactly solvable in geometries of arbitrary finite size. We establish and solve transfer matrix inversion identities on the strip with arbitrary finite width N . In the continuum scaling limit, in sectors with magnetization S z , we obtain the conformal weights where . We further show that the corresponding finitized characters decompose into sums of q -Narayana numbers or, equivalently, skew q -binomials. In the particle representation, the local face tile operators give a representation of the fermion algebra and the fermion particle trajectories play the role of nonlocal degrees of freedom. We argue that, in the continuum scaling limit, there exist nontrivial Jordan blocks of rank 2 in the Virasoro dilatation operator L 0 . This confirms that, with quantum group invariant boundary conditions, the dimer model gives rise to a logarithmic conformal field theory with central charge c = −2, minimal conformal weight and effective central charge . Our analysis of the structure of the ensuing rank 2 modules indicates that the familiar staggered c = −2 modules appear as submodules.
We investigate a generalized inhomogeneous two-dimensional Ising model on the kagomé lattice with two alternating couplings JiJ_iJi​ and Ji′J'_iJi′​, i=1,2,3i=1,2,3i=1,2,3, along the three lattice directions. The local Boltzmann weights are mapped onto a non-symmetric eight-vertex RRR-matrix satisfying the free-fermion condition for arbitrary values of the six couplings. We analyze the Yang--Baxter structure for the cases Ji′=JiJ'_i=J_iJi′​=Ji​ and Ji′=−JiJ'_i=-J_iJi′​=−Ji​ and derive the corresponding one-dimensional quantum spin chains in the anisotropic limit. The first case yields a transverse-field Ising-type Hamiltonian, while the second leads to a modified chain with a graded permutation structure and shifted partition-function zeros. For a partially anisotropic model, we also obtain the free energy and specific heat.
Some features of integrable lattice models are reviewed for the case of the six-vertex model.By the Bethe ansatz method we derive the free energy of the six-vertex model.Then, from the expression of the free energy we show analytically the critical singularity near the phase transition in the anti-ferroelectric regime, where the essential singularity similar to the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition appears.We discuss the connection of the six-vertex model to the conformal field theory with c = 1.We also introduce various exactly solvable models defined on two-dimensional lattices such as the chiral Potts model and the IRF models.We show that the six-vertex model has rich mathematical structures such as the quantum groups and the braid group.The graphical approach is emphasized in this review.We explain the meaning of the Yang-Baxter equation by its diagram.Furthermore, we can understand the defining relation of the algebraic Bethe ansatz by the graphical representation.We can thus easily translate formulas of the algebraic Bethe ansatz into those of the statistical models.As an illustration, we show explicitly how we can derive Baxter's expressions from those of the algebraic Bethe ansatz.