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arXiv:hep-th/9303068 · Physical Review A

Supersymmetry and a time-dependent Landau system

V. Alan Kostelecký, Vladimir I. Man’ko, Michael Martin Nieto, D. Rodney Truax

Published Aug 1, 1993• 34 citations
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Abstract

A general technique is outlined for investigating supersymmetry properties of a charged spin-1/2 quantum particle in time-varying electromagnetic fields. The case of a time-varying uniform magnetic induction is examined and shown to provide a physical realization of a supersymmetric quantum-mechanical system. Group-theoretic methods are used to factorize the relevant Schr\"odinger equations and obtain eigensolutions. The supercoherent states for this system are constructed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.48.951

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A general technique is outlined for investigating supersymmetry properties of a charged spin-1/2 quantum particle in time-varying electromagnetic fields. The case of a time-varying uniform magnetic induction is examined and shown to provide a physical realization of a supersymmetric quantum-mechanical system. Group-theoretic methods are used to factorize the relevant Schr"odinger equations and obtain eigensolutions. The supercoherent states for this system are constructed.
A general technique is outlined for investigating supersymmetry properties of a charged spin-1 quantum particle in time-varying electromag-2 netic fields. The case of a time-varying uniform magnetic induction is examined and shown to provide a physical realization of a supersymmetric quantum-mechanical system. Group-theoretic methods are used to factorize the relevant Schrödinger equations and obtain eigensolutions. The quantum behavior of a nonrelativistic charged spin- 1 2 particle in the presence of a constant and uniform magnetic induction is of importance in many physical contexts.
A general approach is presented for constructing coherent states for supersymmetric systems. It uses Rogers's supermanifold formulation of supergroups to extend the group-theoretic method. Supercoherent states are explicitly obtained for the supersymmetric harmonic oscillator. They are shown to be eigenstates of the supersymmetric annihilation operator and to be minimum-uncertainty states. Two more-complex situations with extended physical supersymmetries are also considered: an electron moving in a constant magnetic field, and the electron-monopole system. The supercoherent states for these systems are found using super Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff relations and their interpretation is elucidated.
We find that in a supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY QM) system, in addition to supersymmetric algebra, an associated SU(2) algebra can be obtained by using semiunitary (SUT) operator and projection operator, and the relevant constants of motion can be constructed. Two typical quantum systems are investigated as examples to demonstrate the above finding. The first example is the quantum system of a nonrelativistic charged particle moving in x-y plane and coupled to a magnetic field along z-axis. The second example is provided with the Dirac particle in a magnetic field. Similarly there exists an SU τ (2) ⊗ SU σ (2) symmetry in the context of the relativistic Pauli Hamiltonian squared. We show that there exists also an SU(2) symmetry associated with the supersymmetry of the Dirac particle.
The theory of explicitly time-dependent invariants is developed for quantum systems whose Hamiltonians are explicitly time dependent. The central feature of the discussion is the derivation of a simple relation between eigenstates of such an invariant and solutions of the Schrödinger equation. As a specific well-posed application of the general theory, the case of a general Hamiltonian which settles into constant operators in the sufficiently remote past and future is treated and, in particular, the transition amplitude connecting any initial state in the remote past to any final state in the remote future is calculated in terms of eigenstates of the invariant. Two special physical systems are treated in detail: an arbitrarily time-dependent harmonic oscillator and a charged particle moving in the classical, axially symmetric electromagnetic field consisting of an arbitrarily time-dependent, uniform magnetic field, the associated induced electric field, and the electric field due to an arbitrarily time-dependent uniform charge distribution. A class of explicitly time-dependent invariants is derived for both of these systems, and the eigenvalues and eigenstates of the invariants are calculated explicitly by operator methods. The explicit connection between these eigenstates and solutions of the Schrödinger equation is also calculated. The results for the oscillator are used to obtain explicit formulas for the transition amplitude. The usual sudden and adiabatic approximations are deduced as limiting cases of the exact formulas.