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arXiv:hep-th/0612256 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

A study of truncation effects in boundary flows of the Ising model on a strip

Gábor Zsolt Tóth

Published Apr 16, 2007• 15 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the idea that the effect of the truncation applied in the truncated conformal space approach method to the spectrum coincides with the effect of a suitable changing of the coefficients of the terms in the Hamiltonian operator. The investigation is done in the case of the critical Ising model on a strip with an external magnetic field on one of the boundaries. A detailed quantum field theoretical description of this model is also given, and we propose a description as a perturbation of the infinite coupling limit. The investigation is also carried out for a truncation method which preserves the solvability of the model. The results of perturbative and numerical calculations presented support the above idea and show that the qualitative behaviour of the truncated spectrum as a function of the coupling constant depends on the truncation method.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2007/04/p04005

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We investigate the idea that the effect of the truncation applied in the truncated conformal space approach method to the spectrum coincides with the effect of a suitable changing of the coefficients of the terms in the Hamiltonian operator. The investigation is done in the case of the critical Ising model on a strip with an external magnetic field on one of the boundaries. A detailed quantum field theoretical description of this model is also given, and we propose a description as a perturbation of the infinite coupling limit. The investigation is also carried out for a truncation method which preserves the solvability of the model. The results of perturbative and numerical calculations presented support the above idea and show that the qualitative behaviour of the truncated spectrum as a function of the coupling constant depends on the truncation method.
Abstract The Truncated conformal space approach (TCSA) is a numerical technique for finding finite size spectrum of Hamiltonians in quantum field theory described as perturbations of conformal field theories. The truncation errors of the method have been systematically studied near the UV fixed point (when the characteristic energy related to the coupling is less than the truncation cutoff) where a good theoretical understanding has been achieved. However numerically the method demonstrated a good agreement with other methods for much larger values of the coupling when the RG flow approaches a new fixed point in the infrared. In the present paper we investigate this regime for a number of boundary RG flows testing the leading exponent and truncation errors. We also study the flows beyond the first fixed point which have been observed numerically but yet lack a theoretical understanding. We show that while in some models such flows approximate reversed physical RG flows, in other models the spectrum approaches a stable regime that does not correspond to any local boundary condition. Furthermore we find that in general the flows beyond the first fixed point are very sensitive to modifications of the truncation scheme.
This thesis contains three main parts, which are largely independent. In the first part we deal with the boundary bootstrap in supersymmetric factorized scattering theory. We give a description of supersymmetry in the case when the space is a half-line and present rules for the determination of the representations in which higher level boundary bound states transform, and for the determination of the supersymmetric one-particle reflection matrix factors for the higher level boundary bound states. These rules apply under the condition that the bulk particles transform in the kink or in the boson-fermion representation. Examples for the application of these rules to specific models are also given. In the second part we investigate the problem whether the TCSA spectrum can be approximated by the spectrum of the original Hamiltonian operator in which the coefficients of the terms are suitably changed. The investigation is done in the case of the critical Ising model on a strip with an external magnetic field on one of the boundaries. Another truncation method that preserves the solvability of the model is also considered. The results of perturbative and numerical calculations show that the above approximation is possible and that the qualitative behaviour of the truncated spectrum as a function of the coupling constant depends on the truncation method. In the third part we investigate the phase structure of the two- and three-frequency sine-Gordon models using the TCSA. In the case of the three-frequency model the tricritical point, several points of the critical line and a few points of the line of first order transition are found.
We discuss the errors introduced by level truncation in the study of boundary renormalization group (RG) flows using the truncated conformal space approach (TCSA). We show that the TCSA results can have the qualitative form of a sequence of RG flows between different conformal boundary conditions. In the case of a perturbation by the field ϕ (13) , we propose a RG equation for the coupling constant which predicts a fixed point at a finite value of the TCSA coupling constant and we compare the predictions with data obtained using thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations.
We discuss the errors introduced by level truncation in the study of boundary renormalisation group flows by the Truncated Conformal Space Approach. We show that the TCSA results can have the qualitative form of a sequence of RG flows between different conformal boundary conditions. In the case of a perturbation by the field phi(13), we propose a renormalisation group equation for the coupling constant which predicts a fixed point at a finite value of the TCSA coupling constant and we compare the predictions with data obtained using TBA equations.
The critical Ising model perturbed by the spin field (conjugated to the magnetic field) is studied numerically by the method of truncated fermionic space of states. The matrix elements of the perturbed Hamiltonian are found between the states of free Majorana fermions living on a finite-length circle. The Hamiltonian spectrum is studied numerically in the level-5 truncated space. Reasonable estimations are obtained for the vacuum energy, a part of the mass spectrum and the simplest scattering amplitude of the perturbed system.
Abstract We consider perturbations of 2D CFTs by multiple relevant operators. The massive phases of such perturbations can be labeled by conformal boundary conditions. Cardy’s variational ansatz approximates the vacuum state of the perturbed theory by a smeared conformal boundary state. In this paper we study the limitations and propose generalisations of this ansatz using both analytic and numerical insights based on TCSA. In particular we analyse the stability of Cardy’s ansatz states with respect to boundary relevant perturbations using bulk-boundary OPE coefficients. We show that certain transitions between the massive phases arise from a pair of boundary RG flows. The RG flows start from the conformal boundary on the transition surface and end on those that lie on the two sides of it. As an example we work out the details of the phase diagram for the Ising field theory and for the tricritical Ising model perturbed by the leading thermal and magnetic fields. For the latter we find a pair of novel transition lines that correspond to pairs of RG flows. Although the mass gap remains finite at the transition lines, several one-point functions change their behaviour. We discuss how these lines fit into the standard phase diagram of the tricritical Ising model. We show that each line extends to a two-dimensional surface ξσ,c in a three coupling space when we add perturbations by the subleading magnetic field. Close to this surface we locate symmetry breaking critical lines leading to the critical Ising model. Near the critical lines we find first order phase transition lines describing two-phase coexistence regions as predicted in Landau theory. The surface ξσ,c is determined from the CFT data using Cardy’s ansatz and its properties are checked using TCSA numerics.