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arXiv:hep-th/0611161 · Physica Scripta

Confinement of spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles in a mixed vector–scalar coupling with unequal shapes for the potentials

Luis B. Castro, Antonio S. de Castro

Published Jan 12, 2007• 11 citations
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Abstract

The Klein–Gordon and the Dirac equations with vector and scalar potentials are investigated under a more general condition, V v = V s +constant. These isospectral problems are solved in the case of squared trigonometric potential functions and bound states for either particles or antiparticles are found. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are discussed in some detail. It is revealed that a spin-0 particle is better localized than a spin-1/2 particle when they have the same mass and are subjected to the same potentials.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/75/2/009

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The Klein–Gordon and the Dirac equations with vector and scalar potentials are investigated under a more general condition, V v = V s +constant. These isospectral problems are solved in the case of squared trigonometric potential functions and bound states for either particles or antiparticles are found. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are discussed in some detail. It is revealed that a spin-0 particle is better localized than a spin-1/2 particle when they have the same mass and are subjected to the same potentials.
The Klein–Gordon and the Dirac equations with vector and scalar potentials are investigated under a more general condition, V v + V s =constant. These intrinsically relativistic and isospectral problems are solved in the case of squared hyperbolic potential functions and bound states for either particles or antiparticles are found. The eigenvalues and eigenfuntions are discussed in some detail and the effective Compton wavelength is revealed to be an important physical quantity. It is revealed that a boson is better localized than a fermion when they have the same mass and are subjected to the same potentials.
We have obtained the approximate solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation with the Yukawa ring-shaped potential, by using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method for a special case of equal scalar and vector potentials. The energy eigenvalues for bound states and the corresponding wave functions are also obtained in a proper approximation. We have also shown that the results can be used to evaluate the energy eigenvalues of the Yukawa, angle-dependent, and Coulomb potentials. The numerical results are discussed and presented in the table and in the figure, which suggest their applicability to other systems. With the adjusted potential parameters given in the table, it is shown that the interaction of spinless (Klein–Gordon) particles with the Yukawa ring-shaped potential gives positive energy eigenvalues for the various quantum states.
The exact bound-state wavefunctions and the corresponding energy equation are calculated for a new generalized harmonic oscillator problem describing a spin-1/2 fermion in 3+1-dimensions, involving scalar, vector, and tensor couplings acting simultaneously within a particular plane of motion. For the scalar and vector coupling, singular harmonic oscillator shapes are considered, such that the singular term is needed to allow analytical solutions for the wavefunctions while preserving binding under adequate conditions. For the tensor sector,the Dirac oscillator potential is employed, which adds another independent binding mechanism to the problem. The exact bound-state solutions are computed by specifically tuning coefficients for an appropriate pair of \textit{Ansätze} for the radial functions, which leads to wavefunctions in terms of generalized Laguerre polynomials. Although the energy equation cannot provide a general expression for the energy spectrum, specific constraints on the quantum numbers as simple functions of the external potential parameters can be derived for it, which determines the conditions for bound solutions to exist, and of what type: particle, antiparticle or both. It is shown that the results can be simply mapped to the spherically symmetric analogue problem, and this is used to show that the general result encompass several previous particular cases of spherically symmetric harmonic oscillator problems in the Dirac equation available in the literature.
By employing an exponential-type approximation scheme to replace the centrifugal term, we have approximately solved the Dirac equation for a spin-1/2 particle subjected to complex parity–time-symmetric scalar and vector Pöschl–Teller (PT) potentials with arbitrary spin–orbit -wave states in view of spin and pseudospin (p-spin) symmetries. The real bound-state energy eigenvalue equation and the corresponding two-spinor components wave function expressible in terms of hypergeometric functions are obtained by means of wave function analysis. The spin- Dirac equation and the spin-0 Klein–Gordon equation with complex PT potentials share the same energy spectrum under the choice of (i.e. exact spin and p-spin symmetries).