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arXiv:hep-th/0501173 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

Form factors of descendant operators in the massive Lee–Yang model

Gesualdo Delfino A, Giuliano Niccoli

Published Apr 12, 2005• 17 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The form factors of the descendant operators in the massive Lee–Yang model are determined up to level 7. This is first done by exploiting the conserved quantities of the integrable theory to generate the solutions for the descendants starting from the lowest non-trivial solutions in each operator family. We then show that the operator space generated in this way, which is isomorphic to the conformal one, coincides, level by level, with that implied by the S -matrix through the form factor bootstrap. The solutions that we determine satisfy asymptotic conditions carrying the information about the level that we conjecture to hold for all the operators of the model.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2005/04/p04004

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The form factors of the descendant operators in the massive Lee–Yang model are determined up to level 7. This is first done by exploiting the conserved quantities of the integrable theory to generate the solutions for the descendants starting from the lowest non-trivial solutions in each operator family. We then show that the operator space generated in this way, which is isomorphic to the conformal one, coincides, level by level, with that implied by the S -matrix through the form factor bootstrap. The solutions that we determine satisfy asymptotic conditions carrying the information about the level that we conjecture to hold for all the operators of the model.
I choose the Lee-Yang model and go through different approaches to analyze it using the form factor approach and the bootstrap program, the lattice description and the lattice TBA equations for a full understanding of the model. The bootstrap program aims to explicitly solve 1+1 dimensional integrable quantum field theories. In the first step, called the S-matrix bootstrap, the scattering matrix, is determined from its properties. In developing a defect form factor program the first step is the T-matrix bootstrap. Interacting integrable defect theories are purely transmitting and topological. We analyze both operators localized in the bulk and also on the defect. By finding their solutions, the spectral representation of any correlator can be determined. Next we consider the model on the lattice. The lattice approach allows to obtain both massive and massless excited TBA equations by studying the continuum scaling limit of the associated integrable lattice models. The most important input from the lattice approach is an insight into the analytic structure of the excited state solutions of the TBA equations. Previously this structure had to be guessed. In this thesis we turn our attention to the simplest example of a non-unitary minimal theory, namely, the Lee-Yang minimal model M(2,5). We study the Lee-Yang model on the lattice. We analyze the periodic, boundary and the seam cases in both massive and massless regimes. We derive their ground state TBA equations and analyze the flows between different boundary and defect conditions. Finally, in the large volume limit, we calculate the Lüscher correction terms of the TBA energy of a one-particle state. We display those ideas in the end of the thesis as this is an important direction of work in string theory, particularly in the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Correlation functions of the composite field TbarTT\\bar{T}TbarT in the scaling Lee--Yang model are studied. Using the analytic expression for form factors of this operator recently proposed by Delfino and Niccoli \\cite{DN}, we show numerically that the constraints on the TbarTT\\bar{T}TbarT expectation values obtained in \\cite{AZ_VEVTT} and the additional requirement of asymptotic behavior lead to a perfect agreement with the ultraviolet asymptotic predicted by the conformal perturbation theory.
The form-factor bootstrap approach is applied to the perturbed minimal models M2,2n+3M_{2,2n+3}M2,2n+3​ in the direction of the primary field phi1,3\\phi_{1,3}phi1,3​. These theories are integrable and contain nnn massive scalar particles, whose SSS--matrix is purely elastic. The form-factor equations do not refer to a specific operator. We use this fact to classify the operator content of these models. We show that the perturbed models contain the same number of primary fields as the conformal ones. Explicit solutions are constructed and conjectured to correspond to the off-critical primary fields phi1,k\\phi_{1,k}phi1,k​.
The purpose of the "bootstrap program" is to construct integrable quantum field theories in 1+1 dimensions in terms of their Wightman functions explicitly. As an input the integrability and general assumptions of local quantum field theories are used. The object is to be achieved in tree steps: 1) The S-matrix is obtained using a qualitative knowledge of the particle spectrum and the Yang-Baxter equations. 2) Matrix elements of local operators are calculated by means of the "form factor program" using the S-matrix as an input. 3) The Wightman functions are calculated by taking sums over intermediate states. The first step has been performed for a large number of models and also the second one for several models. The third step is unsolved up to now. Here the program is illustrated in terms of the sine-Gordon model alias the massive Thirring model. Exploiting the "off-shell" Bethe Ansatz we propose general formulae for form factors. For example the n-particle matrix element for all higher currents are given and in particular all eigenvalues of the higher conserved charges are calculated. Furthermore quantum operator equations are obtained in terms of their matrix elements, in particular the quantum sine-Gordon field equation. Exact expressions for the finite wave function and mass renormalization constants are calculated.