We study a model for analyzing the effect of a principal violation of the Lorentz-invariance on the structure of vacuum. The model is based on the divergence theory developed by Salehi (1997). It is shown that the divergence theory can be used to model an ensemble of particles. The ensemble is characterized by the condition that its members are basically at rest in the rest frame of a preferred inertial observer in vacuum. In this way we find a direct dynamical interplay between a particle and its associated ensemble. We show that this effect can be understood in terms of the interaction of a particle with a relativistic pilot wave through an associated quantum potential.
We study a model for analyzing the effect of a principal violation of the Lorentz-invariance on the structure of vacuum. The model is based on the divergence theory developed by Salehi (1997). It is shown that the divergence theory can be used to model an ensemble of particles. The ensemble is characterized by the condition that its members are basically at rest in the rest frame of a preferred inertial observer in vacuum. In this way we find a direct dynamical interplay between a particle and its associated ensemble. We show that this effect can be understood in terms of the interaction of a particle with a relativistic pilot wave through an associated quantum potential.
Several important questions regarding the photon wave and particle concepts have so far not been fully settled by means of conventional theory which is based on Maxwell's equations. This concerns the problems of the angular momentum and the divergence of the obtained solutions in vacuum space. In attempts to tackle these and other unclear points, a number of extended non-Maxwellian theories have been elaborated. The present analysis is due to one of these approaches, as being based on a nonzero electric field divergence in the vacuum state, under the condition of Lorentz invariance. This theory leads to models for the individual photon being based on axisymmetric wave packet solutions with imposed relevant quantum conditions. Such solutions can be confined to a limited volume in vacuum space, thereby giving rise to a nonzero angular momentum, as required for a boson particle. Two wave packed modes are obtained which have limited characteristic diameters in the direction being perpendicular to that of the propagation. For one of the modes the diameter even becomes comparable to atomic dimensions. This provides the possibility for an efficient photon-electron interaction in the widely discussed but not fully understood photoionization effect. Both modes further have features in common with an earlier theory by de Broglie, where the photon is represented by a propagating pilot wave with a superimposed particle-like part having a very small rest mass. A proposal is finally made for the photon to appear in different quantum states, and where rapid transitions can take place between these states in the form of "photon oscillations".
Does the measurement of a quantum system necessarily break Lorentz invariance? We present a simple model of a detector that measures the spacetime localization of a relativistic particle in a Lorentz invariant manner. The detector does not select a preferred Lorentz frame as a Newton-Wigner measurement would do. The result indicates that there exists a Lorentz invariant notion of quantum measurement and sheds light on the issue of the localization of a relativistic particle. The framework considered is that of single-particle mechanics as opposed to field theory. The result may be taken as support for the interpretation postulate of the spacetime-states formulation of single-particle quantum theory.
Special relativity seems to be associated with linking physical relations as seen in one frame with those as seen in a frame moving at a speed relative to such a frame. A constant speed is often used for the moving frame. This suggests that classically there is a special frame for a particle with rest mass called a rest frame. In such a case, one simply introduces a parameter for rest mass and does not worry about the complicated motion and interactions which actually create the rest mass. It seems that even quantum mechanics, which considers a particle to be moving as one does not know its location, one uses the idea of a potential V(x) which in principle is associated with a very large rest mass, presumably at rest as no variables of such a rest mass appear in the Klein-Gordon or Dirac equations. It seems that one uses a preferred frame when solving relativistic quantum mechanical equations. Furthermore, given V(x) and a bound state with exp(-i E bound t), E applies to the overall bound system, not to a possible exp(ipx) constituent. The special relativistic invariant equation seems to exist at the system level, like with the rest mass and one may apparently calculate E in the special rest frame of the large mass and hence find a rest mass of the bound system, i..e large rest mass*cc + mo cc + E, mo is the rest mass of the single bound particle. As a result of the use of the special rest mass frame for the V(x) producing large rest mass, it seems that one does not have to worry about special relativistic constraints on the interaction with V(x), as only one frame is involved. In other words, a bound calculation is about finding a new rest mass for an overall new system. Then this system may be used in Lorentz boosts. One simplifies by working in the rest frame of the mass creating V(x). Perhaps surprisingly then, we note that exp(-iEt+ipx) for a free particle is Lorentz invariant and in fact must be Lorentz invariant for the following reason. Imagine that one wishes to create a probability for free particles which is linked with conservation of momentum. Any p must have the same real value weight because for free particles there is no bias for one p or the other. There is, however, a bias for a p1 and p2. It should have the same probability as a p3 and p4, if p1+p2 = p3+p4. (We use one dimension for simplicity.) As a result, exp(ip) seems to be a probability which respects these conditions. The problem is that one may have p=m1v1=m2v2 hence (E1,p) and (E2,p). With respect to momentum, it is irrelevant if one particle has E1 and the other E2, but not if one does a Lorentz boost. Then, in one case: p→ g(v) p + g(v) v E1 and in the second, p→ g(v) p + g(v)vE2. Here g(v) =1/sqrt(1-vv/cc). In other words, p is the same for each particle in one frame and not in the other which violates conservation of momentum because in frame 1 both particles can complete the same conservation of momentum equation, but in the second frame this is not the case, because each has a different momentum. Thus, exp(ip) cannot hold. One requires a linear form in p which is Lorentz invariant, i.e. exp(-iEt+ipx), we argue (and have done so in previous notes). We see now that momentum probability is linked with space in exp(ipx). The idea seems to be that for free colliding particles there is no preferred frame and the probabilities used must reflect this Lorentz invariance. As a result, we argue that a free particle probability in E,p arises because of Lorentz invariance, but then apply it to a V(x) problem and no longer worry about Lorentz invariance at the interaction level. V(x) with no associated rest mass variables assumes a rest frame for the V(x) producing mass. A Lorentz boost which then invalidates exp(ip), would only apply to the total rest mass of the bound particle system which has no overall momentum. It seems that one does apply the Lorentz transformation to the interaction of exp(ipx)’s with V(x). One is only interested in the overall bound system as a single entity for special relativity. As a result, one may only impose momentum considerations as V(x) is a spatial function and one must link it with exp(ipx). In fact, one may write V(x) = Sum over k Vk exp(ikx) to associate it with momentum hits linked with Vk energies, which already moves away from the idea of special relativity as Vk and k are not linked as a 4-vector. The idea of exp(ip1x)exp(i k1x) = exp(ip2x)exp(ik2x), however, seems to still hold (as it does for free particles), linking these two values (i.e. Vk1 and Vk2) with (p1+k)(p1+k) exp(i (p1+k)x). Lorentz invariance for a particle with rest mass seems to be linked with the idea that one ultimately has a rest frame for the particle. One then establishes a relation between the rest mass in one frame and its new E and p as seen by another frame. One does not, however, need to impose Lorentz invariance conditions on the interaction which creates the rest mass it seems. For example, exp(-iEt+ipx) is the Lorentz form used to describe a free particle, but exp(ipx) is the only portion used to describe its interaction with V(x) in the rest frame of the large mass creating V(x). Furthermore, exp(-iEt+ipx) ensures conservation of energy and p for a free particle, but in an interaction case, that does not happen as the potential may absorb energy.
A vacuum medium model is advanced. The motion of a relativistic particle in relation to its interaction with the medium is discussed. It is predicted that elementary excitations of the vacuum, called "inertons," should exist. The equations of the particle path in Euclidean space are derived. The motion is marked by the relations basic for quantum mechanics: E=hν and Mv=h/λ (here, λ is the amplitude of spatial oscillations of the particle along the trajectory, i.e., the interval at which the velocity of the particle is periodically altered from v to 0 and then from 0 to v; ν is the frequency of these oscillations). Analysis is performed on the transition to wave mechanics where λ manifests itself as the de Broglie wavelength and ν is the distinctive frequency of the "particle-wave". A prerequisite for the wave solution to be Lorentz-invariant is treated. A hypothesis for a plausible hydrodynamic description of the relativistic particle motion is covered.
Abstract Objections to pilot-wave theory frequently come in three mutually-contradictory categories: that the theory is too bizarrely different from ordinary physics, that the theory is not radically different enough, and that the physics of pilot-wave theory is after all just the same as quantum physics. After a brief review of pilot-wave theory, we critically evaluate these objections. We show how the radical nature of pilot-wave theory is often misunderstood or overlooked. We highlight the novelty of its dynamics, and clarify its implications for our understanding of measurement, as well as discussing the status of Lorentz invariance, conservation laws, and the Born rule. We examine Einstein’s early work on pilot-wave theory and argue that he turned away from it for reasons which are no longer compelling. We urge that the theory be understood on its own terms, as a generalised nonequilibrium theory empirically distinct from quantum mechanics, with all its potentially revolutionary implications
On the basis of the results of some experiments dealing with the violation of Local Lorentz Invariance (LLI) and on the formalism of the Deformed Special Relativity (DSR), we examine the connections between the local geometrical structure of space-time and the foundation of Quantum Mechanics. We show that Quantum Mechanics, beside being an axiomatic theory, can be considered also a deductive physical theory, deducted from the primary physical principle of Relativistic Correlation. This principle is synonym of LLI and of a rigid and at minkowskian space-time. The results of the experiments mentioned above show the breakdown of LLI and hence the violation of the principle of Relativistic Correlation. The formalism of DSR allows to highlight the deep meaning of LLI breakdown in terms of the geometrical structure of local space-time which, far from being rigid and at, is deformed by the energy of the physical phenomena that take place and in this sense it has an active part in the dynamics of the whole physical process. This perspective has a far reaching physical meaning that extends its consequences to the foundations of Quantum Mechanics according to the interpretation of Copenhagen. It provides a 'real' explanation and description of quantum phenomena enriching, by the concept of deformed space-time, the realistic interpretation in terms of pilot wave and hence it uncovers the reality hidden below the probabilistic interpretation and dualistic nature of quantum objects.