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arXiv:hep-lat/0212035

Non-perturbative Methods in Modal Field Theory

Nathan Salwen

Published Dec 19, 2002• 4 citations
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Abstract

Several issues in the modal approach to quantum field theory are discussed. Within the formalism of spherical field theory, differential renormalization is presented and shown to result in a finite number of renormalization parameters. Computations of the massless Thirring model in 1+1 dimensions are presented using this approach. Diagonalization techniques in periodic field theory are demonstrated. Issues of very large Hilbert spaces are considered and several approaches are presented. The quasi sparse eigenvector (QSE) approach takes advantage of the relatively small number of basis states that typically contribute significantly to any particular eigenvector. Stochastic correction methods use Monte Carlo calculations to calculate higher order corrections to the quasi sparse result. The quasi sparse eigenvector method and stochastic error correction are applied to the Hubbard model. With U/t=4, the shift in the ground energy below the U=0 value is found to within 1% for the 8x8 Hubbard model with 25/64 filling.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-lat/0212035

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Several issues in the modal approach to quantum field theory are discussed. Within the formalism of spherical field theory, differential renormalization is presented and shown to result in a finite number of renormalization parameters. Computations of the massless Thirring model in 1+1 dimensions are presented using this approach. Diagonalization techniques in periodic field theory are demonstrated. Issues of very large Hilbert spaces are considered and several approaches are presented. The quasi sparse eigenvector (QSE) approach takes advantage of the relatively small number of basis states that typically contribute significantly to any particular eigenvector. Stochastic correction methods use Monte Carlo calculations to calculate higher order corrections to the quasi sparse result. The quasi sparse eigenvector method and stochastic error correction are applied to the Hubbard model. With U/t=4, the shift in the ground energy below the U=0 value is found to within 1% for the 8x8 Hubbard model with 25/64 filling.
The method of modal field theory is a new development in the field of nonperturbative quantum field theory. This approach reduces a quantum field theory to a finite-dimensional quantum mechanical system by expanding field configurations in terms of free-wave modes. In this dissertation we apply this method to three-dimensional &phis;4 theory using two kinds of modal field approaches: a spherical partial wave expansion and a periodic-box mode expansion. The resulting modal-field quantum-mechanical systems are analyzed with the use of the diffusion Monte Carlo method and by calculating the spectrum and eigenstates of the Hamiltonian directly. In the latter approach we employ the recently introduced quasi-sparse eigenvector method which is designed to diagonalize infinite-dimensional yet very sparse matrices. We study the phase structure of three-dimensional &phis;4 theory, computing the critical coupling and the critical exponents ν and β. We also investigate the spectrum of low-lying energy eigenstates and find evidence of a nonperturbative state in the broken-symmetry phase of the theory.
We study cluster perturbation theory [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 522 (2000)] when auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo method is used for solving the cluster hamiltonian. As a case study, we calculate the spectral functions of the Hubbard model in one and two dimensions and compare our results for the spectral functions to results obtained using exact diagonalization to solve the cluster hamiltonian. The main advantage of using quantum Monte Carlo results as a starting point is that the initial cluster size can be taken to be considerably larger and hence potentially capture more of the relevant physics. The drawback is that quantum Monte Carlo methods yield results at imaginary times with stochastic errors.
In this work, we develop a new technique for the numerical study of quantum field theory. The procedure, borrowed from non-relativistic quantum mechanics, is that of finding the eigenvalues of a finite Hamiltonian matrix. The matrix is created by evaluating the matrix elements of the Hamiltonian operator on a finite basis of states. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the finite dimensional matrix become an accurate approximation to those of the physical system as the finite basis of states is extended to become more complete. We study a model of scalars coupled to fermions in 0+1 dimensions as a simple field theory to consider in the course of developing the technique. We find in the course of studying this model a change of basis which diagonalizes the Hamiltonian in the large coupling limit. The importance of this transformation is that it can be generalized to higher dimensional field theories involving a trilinear coupling between a Bose and a Fermi field. Having developed the numerical and analytical techniques, we consider a Fermi field coupled to a Bose field in 1+1 dimensions with the Yukawa coupling λΨΨΨ. We extend the large coupling limit basis of the 0+1 dimensional model to this case using a Bogoliubov transformation on the fermions. Although we do not use this basis in the numerical work due to its complexity, it provides a handle on the behavior of the system in the large coupling limit. In this model we consider the effects of renormalization and the generation of bound states.