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arXiv:gr-qc/0006063

Let's call it Nonlocal Quantum Physics

Manfred Requardt

Published Jun 19, 2000• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In the following we undertake to derive quantum theory as a stochastic low-energy and coarse-grained theory from a more primordial discrete and basically geometric theory living on the Planck scale and which (as we argue) possibly underlies also \tit{string theory}. We isolate the so-called \tit{ideal elements} which represent at the same time the cornerstones of the framework of ordinary quantum theory and show how and why they encode the \tit{non-local} aspects, being ubiquituous in the quantum realm, in a, on the surface, local way. We show that the quantum non-locality emerges in our approach as a natural consequence of the underlying \tit{two-storey} nature of space-time or the physical vacuum, that is, quantum theory turns out to be a residual effect of the geometric depth structure of space-time on the Planck scale. We indicate how the \tit{measurement problem} and the emergence of the \tit{macroscopic sub-regime} can be understood in this framework.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0006063

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In the following we undertake to derive quantum theory as a stochastic low-energy and coarse-grained theory from a more primordial discrete and basically geometric theory living on the Planck scale and which (as we argue) possibly underlies also \tit{string theory}. We isolate the so-called \tit{ideal elements} which represent at the same time the cornerstones of the framework of ordinary quantum theory and show how and why they encode the \tit{non-local} aspects, being ubiquituous in the quantum realm, in a, on the surface, local way. We show that the quantum non-locality emerges in our approach as a natural consequence of the underlying \tit{two-storey} nature of space-time or the physical vacuum, that is, quantum theory turns out to be a residual effect of the geometric depth structure of space-time on the Planck scale. We indicate how the \tit{measurement problem} and the emergence of the \tit{macroscopic sub-regime} can be understood in this framework.
In the following we undertake to describe how macroscopic spacetime (or rather, a microscopic protoform of it) is supposed to emerge as a superstructure of a web of lumps in a stochastic discrete network structure. As in preceding work (mentioned below), our analysis is based on the working philosophy that both physics and the corresponding mathematics have to be genuinely discrete on the primordial (Planck scale) level. This strategy is concretely implemented in the form of cellular networks and random graphs . One of our main themes is the development of the concept of physical (proto)points or lumps as densely entangled subcomplexes of the network and their respective web, establishing something like (proto)causality . It may perhaps be said that certain parts of our programme are realizations of some early ideas of Menger and more recent ones sketched by Smolin a couple of years ago. We briefly indicate how this two-storey concept of quantum spacetime can be used to encode the (at least in our view) existing non-local aspects of quantum theory without violating macroscopic spacetime causality!
We amalgamate three seemingly quite different fields of concepts and phenomena and argue that they actually represent closely related aspects of a more primordial space-time structure called by us wormhole spaces. Connes' framework of non-commutative topological spaces and ``points, speaking to each other'', a translocal web of (cor)relations, being hidden in the depth-structure of our macroscopic space-time and made visible by the application of a new geometric renormalisation process, and the apparent but difficult to understand translocal features of quantum theory. We argue that the conception of our space-time continuum as being basically an aggregate of structureless points is almost surely to poor and has to be extended and that the conceptual structure of quantum theory, in particular its translocal features like e.g. entanglement and complex superposition, are exactly a mesoscopic consequence of this microscopic wormhole structure. We emphasize the close connections with the ``small world phenomenon'' and rigorously show that the micro state of our space-time, viewed as a dynamical system, has to be critical in a scale free way as recently observed in other fields of network science. We then briefly indicate the mechanisms by which this non-local structure manages to appear in a seemingly local disguise on the surface level, thus invoking a certain Machian spirit.
We start from classical general relativity coupled to matter fields. Each configuration variable and its conjugate momentum, as also spacetime points are raised to the status of matrices [equivalently operators]. These matrices obey a deterministic Lagrangian dynamics at the Planck scale. By coarse-graining this matrix dynamics over time intervals much larger than Planck time, one derives quantum theory as a low energy emergent approximation. If a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom get entangled, spontaneous localisation takes place, leading to the emergence of classical spacetime geometry and a classical universe. In our theory, dark energy is shown to be a large-scale quantum gravitational phenomenon. Quantum indeterminism is not fundamental, but results from our not probing physics at the Planck scale.
Preface Space-Time Geometry & Quantum Events The Transaction as a Quantum Concept Stochastic Foundation of Quantum Mechanics & the Origin of Particle Spin Fractal Space-Time as an Underlying Structure of the Standard Model Relativity of Scales, Fractal Space & Quantum Potentials Three Possible Implications of Space-Time Discreteness Quantum Computing Space-Time Metric Gauge Fields in Deformed Special Relativity Non-Local Granular Space-Time Foam as an Ultimate Arena at the Planck Scale Structural Approach to the Elementary Particle Theory Forming Physical Fields & Pseudometric & Metric Manifolds. Noncommutativity & Discrete Structures in Classical & Quantum Physics Index.
We argue that quantum theory is a low-energy effective theory which emerges from some sub-quantum level theory which is of an undulatory and translocal character. We show the close connection of quantum theory with both gravity and the holographic principle which are different phenomena of one and the same theory on this primordial level. An important role in our analysis is played by the concept of a generalized renormalization group connecting this primordial level and e.g. quantum theory plus a continuous space-time. We show that characteristic phenomena like the seemingly instantaneous state reduction, the EPR-paradox or the problem of polydimensions can be understood in our undulatory translocal theory in a realistic way. Most importantly, we give a realistic interpretation of the phasefunction as a collective action variable in the spirit of Bohm and explain the emergence of a macroscopic notion of time.
The canonical answer to the question posed is "Yes." – tacitly assuming that quantum theory and the concept of spacetime are to be unified by 'quantizing' a theory of gravitation. Yet, instead, one may ponder: Could quantum mechanics arise as a coarse-grained reflection of the atomistic nature of spacetime? – We speculate that this may indeed be the case. We recall the similarity between evolution of classical and quantum mechanical ensembles, according to Liouville and von Neumann equation, respectively. The classical and quantum mechanical equations are indistinguishable for objects which are free or subject to spatially constant but possibly time dependent, or harmonic forces, if represented appropriately. This result suggests a way to incorporate anharmonic interactions, including fluctuations which are tentatively related to the underlying discreteness of spacetime. Being linear and local at the quantum mechanical level, the model offers a decoherence and natural localization mechanism. However, the relation to primordial deterministic degrees of freedom is nonlocal.