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arXiv:cond-mat/9907115 · Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement

Density Matrix Renormalization Group Study of theS=1/2 Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Chains with Quasiperiodic Exchange Modulation

Kazuo Hida

Published Jan 1, 2000• 1 citation
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Abstract

The S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic XXZ chains with precious mean quasiperiodic exchange modulation is studied by the density matrix renormalization group method. It is found that the energy gap ΔE scales as exp (-cNω) with the system size N if the Ising component of the exchange coupling is antiferromagnetic. This is in contrast to the XY case in which ΔE ∼N-z. Our results are not only consistent with the bosonization analysis of Vidal, Mouhanna and Giamarchi but also clarify the nature of the strong coupling ground state which is unreachable within the weak coupling calculation of Ref. 9).

DOI
10.1143/ptps.138.519

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The S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic XXZ chains with precious mean quasiperiodic exchange modulation is studied by the density matrix renormalization group method. It is found that the energy gap ΔE scales as exp (-cNω) with the system size N if the Ising component of the exchange coupling is antiferromagnetic. This is in contrast to the XY case in which ΔE ∼N-z. Our results are not only consistent with the bosonization analysis of Vidal, Mouhanna and Giamarchi but also clarify the nature of the strong coupling ground state which is unreachable within the weak coupling calculation of Ref. 9).
The low energy behavior of the S=1/2 antiferromagnetic XY-like XXZ chains with precious mean quasiperiodic exchange modulation is studied by the density matrix renormalization group method. It is found that the energy gap of the chain with length N scales as exp⁡(−cNω)\exp (-cN^ω)exp(−cNω) with nonuniversal exponent ωωω if the Ising component of the exhange coupling is antiferromagnetic. This behavior is expected to be the characteristic feature of the quantum spin chains with relevant aperiodicity. This is in contrast to the XY chain for which the precious mean exchange modulation is marginal and the gap scales as N−zN^{-z}N−z. On the contrary, it is also verified that the energy gap scales as N−1N^{-1}N−1 if the Ising component of the exhange coupling is ferromagnetic. Our results are not only consistent with the recent bosonization analysis of Vidal, Mouhanna and Giamarchi but also clarify the nature of the strong coupling regime which is inaccesssible by the bosonization approach.
Low energy behavior of the S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic XXZ chains with Fibonacci exchange/field modulation is studied by the density matrix renormalization group method. For both types of modulation, the energy gap of the chain with length N scales as exp(-cNω ) with nonuniversal exponent ω if the z-component of the exchange coupling is antiferromagnetic. For the field modulation case, the possibility of fully localized ground state is suggested. This is in contrast to the XY chains for which the gap scales as N−z .
We report a comprehensive investigation of the low-energy properties of antiferromagnetic quantum XXZ spin chains with aperiodic couplings. We use an adaptation of the Ma-Dasgupta-Hu renormalization-group method to obtain analytical and numerical results for the low-temperature thermodynamics and the ground-state correlations of chains with couplings following several two-letter aperiodic sequences, including the quasiperiodic Fibonacci and other precious-mean sequences, as well as sequences inducing strong geometrical fluctuations. For a given aperiodic sequence, we argue that in the easy-plane anisotropy regime, intermediate between the XX and Heisenberg limits, the general scaling form of the thermodynamic properties is essentially given by the exactly known XX behavior, providing a classification of the effects of aperiodicity on XXZ chains. We also discuss the nature of the ground-state structures and their comparison with the random-singlet phase characteristic of random-bond chains.
Renormalization group studies of the ground state properties of the S =1/2 Fibonacci antiferromagnetic XXZ chain are reviewed. In the XY limit, this model can be mapped onto the free fermion chain which has been extensively studied using the renormalization group approach for the transfer matrix. For the XXZ chain with weak Fibonacci modulation, the investigation by means of the bosonization and perturbational renormalization group method is reviewed. Finally, the recent results of the real space renormalization group approach in the strong modulation limit is presented. Combining the real space renormalization group and the weak modulation renormalization group results, the schematic ground state phase diagram is presented.
The low-energy properties of the S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic XY model with quasiperiodic modulation are investigated for the consideration of spin–phonon coupling. It is found that the lattice distortion at every site displays a self-similar character, which is induced by quasiperiodic modulation. As quasiperiodic modulation is strengthened, the average lattice distortion may decrease and increase for strong and weak enough spin–phonon coupling, respectively. Correspondingly, the scaling behavior of the energy gap in this system is also strongly dependent on the spin–phonon coupling.