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arXiv:cond-mat/9903229

Nonasymptotic Effects in Critical Sound Propagation Associated with Spin-Lattice Relaxation

A. Pawlak

Published Mar 15, 1999• 0 citations
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Abstract

The nonasymptotic critical behavior of sound attenuation coefficient has been studied in an elastically isotropic Ising system above the critical point on the basis of a complete stochastic model including both spin-energy and lattice-energy modes linearly coupled to the longitudinal sound mode. The effect of spin-lattice relaxation on the ultrasonic attenuation is investigated. The crossover between weak-singularity behavior $t^{-2 α}$ and strong singularity behavior $t^{-(z ν+α)}$ is studied. A new high-frequency regime with singularity of the type $t^{-z ν+α}$ is discovered in the magnetic systems. This new regime corresponds to an adiabatic sound propagation and is very similar to the ones in binary mixture and liquid helium. A new frequency-dependent specific-heat being the harmonic average of the bare lattice and critical spin specific-heats is introduced. It was shown that such specific-heat descibes the process of equilibrization between spin and lattice subsystems and includes the most important features of critical sound attenuation. In some regions of coupling constants the acoustic self-energy can be very well approximated solely by this quantity.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9903229

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The nonasymptotic critical behavior of sound attenuation coefficient has been studied in an elastically isotropic Ising system above the critical point on the basis of a complete stochastic model including both spin-energy and lattice-energy modes linearly coupled to the longitudinal sound mode. The effect of spin-lattice relaxation on the ultrasonic attenuation is investigated. The crossover between weak-singularity behavior t−2αt^{-2 α}t−2α and strong singularity behavior t−(zν+α)t^{-(z ν+α)}t−(zν+α) is studied. A new high-frequency regime with singularity of the type t−zν+αt^{-z ν+α}t−zν+α is discovered in the magnetic systems. This new regime corresponds to an adiabatic sound propagation and is very similar to the ones in binary mixture and liquid helium. A new frequency-dependent specific-heat being the harmonic average of the bare lattice and critical spin specific-heats is introduced. It was shown that such specific-heat descibes the process of equilibrization between spin and lattice subsystems and includes the most important features of critical sound attenuation. In some regions of coupling constants the acoustic self-energy can be very well approximated solely by this quantity.
The nonasymptotic critical properties of sound propagation are studied in compressible Ising system above Τ.In the present paper we analyse a model where in addition to the coupling to two order-parameter fluctuations tle sound mode couples linearly to the fluctuations of spin-energy and lattice-energy densities.Both subsystems exchange energy with the rate determined by the bare spin-lattice relaxation time: The total energy may be conserved or not.The crossover between insulator-like behaviour t -2 α a n d m e t a l -l i k e b e h a v i o u r t i t -( z v ± α ) i n u l t r a s o n i c a t t e n u a t i o n i s i n v e s t i g a t e d according to the value of ultrasonic freqnency, the reduced temperature t, bare relaxation times and various coupling constants.
The effects of order-parameter strain coupling on the critical (tricritical) sound attenuation and dispersion are studied above T c in the elastically isotropic Ising model. Under free boundary conditions a cross-over in the behaviour of acoustic quantities to a 'strong-coupling' regime is predicted. New scaling relations for the critical attenuation and dispersion are obtained and the corresponding scaling functions are calculated using an ε-expansion. Non-asymptotic effects are also discussed.
Critical behaviors of the sound attenuation in a spin-1 Ising system with bilinear (J) and biquadratic (K) interactions are investigated within the framework of cluster variation method and Onsager theory of irreversible thermodynamics. The sound wave is assumed to couple mainly to the order parameter fluctuations which decay via order parameter relaxation processes. Two relaxation times are obtained and an expression is found for the sound attenuation coefficient (α) in terms of these relaxation times. The temperature behavior of the sound attenuation near the phase transition temperatures (Tc) is analyzed according to various values of Onsager coefficients (γij) and sound frequency (ω). For T<Tc it is found that the maxima of the attenuation shifted to lower temperatures with increasing ω and γij (i≠j) values. For T>Tc the data give evidence that there is no relaxational contribution to sound attenuation coming from order parameter fluctuations. On the other hand, a convergence is found in attenuation just below the critical and the tricritical points as (Tc−T), while a jump-discontinuity is observed for the first-order behavior. The frequency variation of the sound attenuation is also investigated and in addition to ω2-attenuation dependence observed in the hydrodynamic regime it is observed that in the high frequency region the attenuation is independent of ω and the ratio of two interaction parameters (J/K).
The sound attenuation phenomenon is investigated by using the Onsager theory of irreversible thermodynamics for a spin-1 Ising model with the inclusion of the crystal field effects on the Bethe lattice. The recursion relations are calculated in a transcendental form to obtain the order-parameters and then the sound attenuation is analyzed. The relationships of sound attenuation with temperature, frequency and Onsager coefficient are examined near the second- and first-order phase transition temperatures, T c and T t respectively, for given negative crystal field values and coordination numbers on the Bethe lattice. The sound wave couples to the order-parameter fluctuations which decay mainly via the order-parameter relaxation process. Thus, two relaxation times are obtained which are used to find an expression for the sound attenuation coefficient. The attenuation maxima are found near the second- and first-order phase transition temperatures in the ferromagnetic and quadrupole phase regions, respectively, for the coordination numbers q = 3,4 and 6. The attenuation peaks are observed at the same temperature before T t and are found to be shifted to lower (higher) temperatures with increasing value of frequency (Onsager coefficient) before T c for any crystal field values. The attenuation peaks are found at lower values and at higher temperatures with negatively increasing crystal field values in the quadrupolar phase regions. In addition, the sound attenuation peaks are also studied at some tricritical points for q = 3,4 and 6 for some critical values of the crystal field.
At low temperatures, elementary excitations of a one-dimensional quantum liquid form a gas that can move as a whole with respect to the center of mass of the system. This internal motion attenuates at exponentially long time scales. As a result, in a broad range of frequencies, the liquid is described by two-fluid hydrodynamics, and the system supports two sound modes. The physical nature of the two sounds depends on whether the particles forming the quantum liquid have a spin degree of freedom. For particles with spin, the modes are analogous to the first and second sound modes in superfluid 4He^{4}\mathrm{He}4He, which are the waves of density and entropy, respectively. When dissipative processes are taken into account, we find that at low frequencies, the second sound is transformed into heat diffusion, while the first sound mode remains weakly damped and becomes the ordinary sound. In a spinless liquid, the entropy and density oscillations are strongly coupled and the resulting sound modes are hybrids of the first and second sound. As the frequency is lowered and dissipation processes become important, the crossover to a single-fluid regime occurs in two steps. First the hybrid modes transform into predominantly density and entropy waves, similar to the first and second sound, and then the density wave transforms to the ordinary sound and the entropy wave becomes a heat-diffusion mode. Finally, we account for the dissipation due to viscosity and intrinsic thermal conductivity of the gas of excitations, which controls attenuation of the sound modes at high frequencies.
The temperature ( T ), frequency ( w ), Onsager coefficient (γ) and external magnetic field ( H ) dependencies of the sound attenuation near the phase transition temperature ( T c ) is studied for the spin-1 Ising model on the Bethe lattice for given coordination numbers q in terms of the recursion relations by using Onsager theory of irreversible thermodynamics. It was assumed that the sound wave couples to the order-parameter fluctuations which decay mainly via the order-parameter relaxation process. Two relaxation times are obtained and which are used to find an expression for the sound attenuation coefficient (α). It was found that α presents only one peak for all frequencies when q =6, and two peaks for q =3 and 4 at low frequencies. In addition, α increases with the increasing values of frequency and with the decreasing values of external magnetic field.