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arXiv:cond-mat/9812096 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Holon pair condensation and phase diagram of high- Tc cuprates

Tae-Hyoung Gimm, Sung-Sik Lee, Seung-Pyo Hong, Sung‐Ho Suck Salk

Published Sep 1, 1999• 18 citations
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Abstract

A possibility of holon (boson) pair condensation is explored for hole-doped high-${T}_{c}$ cuprates, by using the $U(1)$ slave-boson representation of the $t\ensuremath{-}J$ Hamiltonian with the inclusion of hole-hole repulsion. A phase diagram of the hole doped high-${T}_{c}$ cuprates is deduced by allowing both the holon pairing and spinon pairing channels. It is shown that the spin gap size remains nearly unchanged below the holon pair condensation temperature. We find that the s-wave holon pairing under the condition of d-wave spin singlet pairing is preferred, thus allowing d-wave hole pairing.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.60.6324

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•Jan 31, 2011•0 citations
A possibility of holon (boson) pair condensation is explored for hole-doped high-Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ cuprates, by using the U(1)U(1)U(1) slave-boson representation of the t\ensuremath−Jt\ensuremath{-}Jt\ensuremath−J Hamiltonian with the inclusion of hole-hole repulsion. A phase diagram of the hole doped high-Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ cuprates is deduced by allowing both the holon pairing and spinon pairing channels. It is shown that the spin gap size remains nearly unchanged below the holon pair condensation temperature. We find that the s-wave holon pairing under the condition of d-wave spin singlet pairing is preferred, thus allowing d-wave hole pairing.
Holon Pair Bose Condensation in High TcT_cTc​ Cuprates; Symmetry Breaking and Supersymmetry Conditions
Using the t-J Hamiltonian of U(1) slave-boson symmetry, bose condensation is discussed by showing the occurrence of symmetry breaking in the hole doped high TcT_cTc​ cuprates. The symmetry breaking is shown to take place with the d-wave hole pairing, but not with the s-wave hole pairing. Based on a derived supersymmetry Hamiltonian we find that there exists a possibility of supersymmetry conditions in association with the pairing order parameters of both spinon and holon.
In order to obtain a reasonable phase diagram involving hole-pair condensation for hole-doped cuprate systems, we propose a modified t-J Hamiltonian in which a Coulomb repulsion term between nearest neighbor holes is considered. We show from the investigation of free energy that holon pair condensation can occur as a result of symmetry breaking. In addition, we introduce a possibility of supersymmetry condition at T=0KT=0KT=0K in the intermediate region between the antiferromagnetic phase and the superconducting phase.
To supplement our recent brief report on the theory of holon-pair boson approach to the t-J Hamiltonian [S.-S. Lee and Sung-Ho Suck Salk, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 64}, 052501(2001)], in this paper we present a full exposure to the theory, detailed physical implications and predicted various physical properties of high TcT_cTc​ cuprates. We discuss the significance of coupling (interplay) between the spin and charge degrees of freedom in the Heisenberg interaction term of the t-J Hamiltonian. We discuss its importance in causing the arch-shaped superconducting transition temperature TcT_cTc​ and the pseudogap (spin gap) temperature T∗T^*T∗ tangential to TcT_cTc​ in the overdoped region in the observed phase diagram of high TcT_cTc​ cuprates. A universal parabolic scaling behavior of T∗/TcT^*/T_cT∗/Tc​ (or Tc/T∗T_c/T^*Tc​/T∗) with hole doping concentration is predicted in agreement with observations, indicating that there exists correlation between the pseudogap (spin gap) phase and the superconducting phase through antiferromagnetic fluctuations. Our proposed holon-pair boson theory is shown to be self-consistent in that it not only yields the arch (dome) shape structure of TcT_cTc​ but also reproduces various other physical properties such as superfluid weight, bose condensation energy, spectral function, optical conductivity and spin susceptibility, including their temperature and doping dependence.
A Bethe-Salpeter equation is obtained by using of the $t\ensuremath{-}J$ Hamiltonians that satisfy the U(1) and the SU(2) slave-boson symmetries, respectively. Holon-holon scattering channels in the Bethe-Salpeter equation are judiciously examined at a critical temperature to study the instability of the normal state against holon pairing. From the present study of the holon pairing instability, an arch-shaped bose condensation line is revealed in agreement with the observation for high-Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ cuprates over a range of hole doping concentration.
We investigate a possibility of holon pairing for bose condensation based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation obtained from the use of the t-J Hamiltonians of both t he U(1) and SU(2) slave-boson symmetries. It is shown that the vertex function contributed from ladder diagram series involving holon-holon scattering channel in the Bethe-Salpeter equation leads to a singular behavior at a critical temperature at each hole doping concentration, showing the instability of the normal state against holon pairing. We find that the holon pairing instability occurs only in a limited range of hole doping, by showing an "arch" shaped bose condensation line in agreement with observation for high TcT_cTc​ cuprates. It is revealed that this is in agreement with a functional integral approach of the slave-boson theories.
This thesis deals with different aspects of high temperature superconductivity in hole-doped cuprates. We assume the t - J model to describe the CuO2 planes of cuprates and we use a spin-charge gauge approach with spin-charge separation to describe holes in terms of a spinless fermion carrying the charge (holon) and a neutral boson carrying spin 1/2 (spinon), coupled by a slave-particle gauge field. In this framework we consider the effects of the presence of a finite density of incoherent holon pairs in the normal state as a precursor of superconductivity. We show that it is possible to take such pairs into account through a strongly direction dependent spectral weight for holons, which suppresses quasi-particles starting from the anti-nodal directions, and a wave function renormalization for the slave particle gauge field. In this way we prove that, when temperature is reduced, the formation of holon pairs causes both the deviation from linearity of the resistivity and the deviation from the constant value of the Knight shift. Moreover we point out the need for a negative next-nearest-neighbor hopping term ((t - t' - J model) to get a good continuum limit and to evaluate the Knight shift. These results are obtained through a Green's function, which follows naturally from the formalism and analytically interpolates between a Fermi liquid-like behavior and a d-wave superconductor when the coherence length of the holon pair order parameter is increased. The system preserves a finite Fermi surface until the superconducting transition, where it reduces to four nodes. Finally when, at lower temperatures, both the holon pairs and the RVB spinon pairs condense we enter the superconducting phase. In this phase we study the magnetic excitations showing how to extend to spin waves the hourglass-shape dispersion, found for spinons near the antiferromagnetic vector, if a suitable local mechanism of attraction between spinon and anti-spinon is assumed. The resulting spin wave Green's function, whose imaginary part is directly comparable with experiments, generates the hourglass with a finite gap between the two branches. Since the U(1) slave-particle gauge field gains mass in the superconducting phase via Anderson-Higgs mechanism, we propose the necessary mechanism of attraction comes from the unbroken Z2 subgroup of the U(1) gauge group.