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arXiv:cond-mat/9810064

Zeroth Sound Modes of Dilute Fermi Gas with Arbitrary Spin

Sungkit Yip, Tin-Lun, Ho

Published Oct 6, 1998• 0 citations
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Abstract

Motivated by the recent success of optical trapping of alkali bosons, we have studied the zeroth sound modes of dilute Fermi gases with arbitrary spin-f, which are spin-S excitations ($0\leq S\leq 2f$). The dispersion of the mode (S) depends on a single Landau parameter $F^{(S)}$, which is related to the scattering lengths of the system through a simple formula. Measurement of (even a subset of) these modes in finite magnetic fields will enable one to determine all the interaction parameters of the system.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9810064

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Motivated by the recent success of optical trapping of alkali bosons, we have studied the zeroth sound modes of dilute Fermi gases with arbitrary spin-f, which are spin-S excitations (0≤S≤2f0\leq S\leq 2f0≤S≤2f). The dispersion of the mode (S) depends on a single Landau parameter F(S)F^{(S)}F(S), which is related to the scattering lengths of the system through a simple formula. Measurement of (even a subset of) these modes in finite magnetic fields will enable one to determine all the interaction parameters of the system.
Motivated by the recent success of optical trapping of alkali-metal bosons, we have studied the zero sound modes of dilute Fermi gases with arbitrary spin-fff, which are spin-SSS excitations (0< S< 2f)(0<~S<~2f)(0< S< 2f). The dispersion of the mode (S) depends on a single Landau parameter F(S){F}^{(S)}F(S), which is related to the scattering lengths of the system through a simple formula. Measurement of (even a subset of) these modes in finite magnetic fields will enable one to determine all the interaction parameters of the system.
Landau showed that a nonideal Fermi gas at zero temperature can sustain collective oscillations of the acoustical type (zeroth sound). The altenuation of zeroth sound in a dilute Fermi gas with repulive intereacitions was considered. The problem was formulted interms of the Green function G which describes the paropation of density fluctuations through the system. The simplest approximation of G led to Landau's dispersion law which wae analyzed in some detail. The contribution of the phonons' zero point oscillations to the ground- state energy was estimated and found to lead to a term which has an essential singuarty at the origin of the coupling constant plane. The energy and width of the phonon are given by the poles in the spectral representation of G, and the location of these poles was determined from the Fredholm solution of an apparoximate integral equation satisfied by G. In this way it is showa that ths width, divided by the displacement of the collective state above the single- particle continunna of the free gas, vanishes linearly in the long wavelength limit. It is also shows that in the limit of extreme dilution the correct damping; can be obtained by merely taking the finite lifetimemore » of single-particles excitations into account and ignoring the dissipative effects of the noninstantaneous interactions betweein the particles in the medium. Finally, it is alao argued that the Fredholm method is the natural tool for discussing many problems in the theory of collective motion. (auth)« less
Recent developments in the physics of low density trapped gases make it worthwhile to verify old, well known results that, while plausible, were based on perturbation theory and assumptions about pseudopotentials. We use and extend recently developed techniques to give a rigorous derivation of the asymptotic formula for the ground state energy of a dilute gas of NNN fermions interacting with a short-range, positive potential of scattering length aaa. For spin 1/2 fermions, this is E∼E0+(ℏ2/2m)2πNρaE \sim E^0 + (\hbar^2/2m) 2 πN ρaE∼E0+(ℏ2/2m)2πNρa, where E0E^0E0 is the energy of the non-interacting system and ρρρ is the density.
We compute spin diffusion in a dilute Fermi gas at arbitrary temperature, polarization, and strong interaction in the normal phase using kinetic theory. While the longitudinal spin diffusivity ${D}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ depends weakly on polarization and diverges for small temperatures, the transverse spin diffusivity ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ has a strong polarization dependence and approaches a finite value for $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ in the Fermi liquid phase. For a 3D unitary Fermi gas at infinite scattering length, the diffusivities reach a minimum near the quantum limit of diffusion $\ensuremath{\hbar}/m$ in the quantum degenerate regime and are strongly suppressed by medium scattering, and we discuss the importance of the spin-rotation effect. In two dimensions, ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ attains a minimum at strong coupling $\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{\lesssim}\mathrm{ln}({k}_{F}{a}_{2D})\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$ and reaches ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\sim}0.2...\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0.3\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\hbar}/m$ at large polarization. These values are consistent with recent measurements of two-dimensional ultracold atomic gases in the strong coupling regime.
Recent developments in the physics of low-density trapped gases make it worthwhile to verify old, well-known results that, while plausible, were based on perturbation theory and assumptions about pseudopotentials. We use and extend recently developed techniques to give a rigorous derivation of the asymptotic formula for the ground-state energy of a dilute gas of NNN fermions interacting with a short-range, positive potential of scattering length aaa. For spin-1∕21∕21∕2 fermions, this is $E\ensuremath{\sim}{E}^{0}+({\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}∕2m)2\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\varrho}a$, where E0{E}^{0}E0 is the energy of the noninteracting system and $\ensuremath{\varrho}$ is the density. A similar formula holds in two dimensions (2D), with $\ensuremath{\varrho}a$ replaced by $\ensuremath{\varrho}∕\ensuremath{\mid}\mathrm{ln}(\ensuremath{\varrho}{a}^{2})\ensuremath{\mid}$. Obviously this 2D energy is not the expectation value of a density-independent pseudopotential.