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arXiv:cond-mat/9807343 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Monte Carlo comparison of quasielectron wave functions

V. Melik-Alaverdian, N. E. Bonesteel

Published Jul 15, 1998• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Variational Monte Carlo calculations of the quasielectron and quasihole excitation energies in the fractional quantum Hall effect have been carried out at filling fractions $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/3,$ 1/5, and 1/7. For the quasielectron both the trial wave function originally proposed by Laughlin and the composite-fermion wave function proposed by Jain have been used. We find that for long-range Coulomb interactions the results obtained using these two wave functions are essentially the same, though the energy gap obtained using the composite-fermion quasielectron is slightly smaller, and closer to extrapolated exact-diagonalization results.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.58.1451

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Variational Monte Carlo calculations of the quasielectron and quasihole excitation energies in the fractional quantum Hall effect have been carried out at filling fractions \ensuremathν=1/3,\ensuremath{\nu}=1/3,\ensuremathν=1/3, 1/5, and 1/7. For the quasielectron both the trial wave function originally proposed by Laughlin and the composite-fermion wave function proposed by Jain have been used. We find that for long-range Coulomb interactions the results obtained using these two wave functions are essentially the same, though the energy gap obtained using the composite-fermion quasielectron is slightly smaller, and closer to extrapolated exact-diagonalization results.
New trial wave functions corresponding to half filling quantum Hall states are proposed. These wave functions are constructed by first pairing up the quasielectrons of the 1/3 Laughlin quantum Hall state, with the same relative angular momentum for each pair, and then making the paired quasielectrons condense into a 1/4 Laughlin state. The quasiparticle excitations of the proposed wave functions carry ±1/4\pm1/4±1/4 of electron charge, and obey Abelian fractional statistics. In the spherical geometry, the total flux quanta NϕN_ϕNϕ​ is shown to be related to the number of electrons NNN by Nϕ=2N−(5−q)N_ϕ = 2N-(5-q)Nϕ​=2N−(5−q) with qqq being the relative angular momentum between the quasielectrons in each pair which takes values of non-negative even integers. The overlaps are calculated between the proposed trial wave functions, including the ground state, quasiexciton states, and quasihole states, and the exact states of the finite size systems at Nϕ=2N−3N_ϕ = 2N-3Nϕ​=2N−3. The near unity overlaps are obtained in the lowest Landau level, while the moderate overlaps are obtained in the second Landau level. The relevance of the wave functions to the yet to be discovered fractional quantum Hall effect in the lowest Landau level, as well as the 5/2 quantum Hall effect is also discussed.
We propose trial wave functions for quasiparticle and exciton excitations of the Moore-Read Pfaffian fractional quantum Hall states, both for bosons and for fermions, and study these numerically. Our construction of trial wave functions employs a picture of the bosonic Moore-Read state as a symmetrized double layer composite fermion state. We obtain the number of independent angular momentum multiplets of quasiparticle and exciton trial states for systems of up to 20 electrons. We find that the counting for quasielectrons at large angular momentum on the sphere matches that expected from the conformal field theory (CFT) that describes the Moore-Read state's boundary theory. In particular, the counting for quasielectrons is the same as for quasiholes, in accordance with the idea that the CFT describing both sides of the Fractional Quantum Hall plateau should be the same. We also show that our trial wave functions have good overlaps with exact wave functions obtained using various interactions, including second Landau level Coulomb interactions and the three-body delta interaction for which the Pfaffian states and their quasiholes are exact ground states. We discuss how these results relate to recent work by Sreejith et al. on a similar set of trial wave functions for excitations over the Pfaffian state as well as to earlier work by Hansson et al., which has produced trial wave functions for quasiparticles based on conformal field theory methods and by Bernevig and Haldane, which produced trial wave functions based on clustering properties and ``squeezing.''
We compute energy gaps for spin-polarized fractional quantum Hall states in the lowest Landau level (LL) at filling fractions $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{1}{3},$ 25,\frac{2}{5},52​, 37,\frac{3}{7},73​, and 49\frac{4}{9}94​ using exact diagonalization of systems with up to 16 particles and extrapolation to the infinite system-size limit. The gaps calculated for a pure Coulomb interaction and ignoring finite width effects, disorder and LL mixing agree well with the predictions of composite fermion theory provided the logarithmic corrections to the effective mass are included. This is in contrast with previous estimates, which, as we show, overestimated the gaps at $\ensuremath{\nu}=2/5$ and 3/7 by around 15%. We also study the reduction of the gaps as a result of the nonzero width of the two-dimensional (2D) layer. We show that these effects are accurately accounted for using either Gaussian or ``$z\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ Gaussian'' (zG)(z\mathrm{G})(zG) trial wave functions, which we show are significantly better variational wave functions than the Fang-Howard wave function. The Gaussian and zGz\mathrm{G}zG wave functions give Haldane pseudopotential parameters which agree with those of self-consistent local density approximation calculations to better than $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2%.$ For quantum well parameters typical of heterostructure samples, we find gap reductions of around 20%. The experimental gaps, after accounting heuristically for disorder, are still around 40% smaller than the computed gaps. However, for the case of tetracene layers in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices we find that the measured activation gaps are close to those we compute. We discuss possible reasons why the difference between computed and measured activation gaps is larger in GaAs heterostructures than MIS devices. Finally, we present calculations using systems with up to 18 electrons of the gap at $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{5}{2}$ including width corrections.