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arXiv:cond-mat/9807324 · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

The multi-connected momentum distribution and fermion condensation

MIKHAIL V. ZVEREV, M. Baldo

Published Jan 1, 1999• 41 citations
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Abstract

The structure of the ground state beyond the instability point of the quasiparticle system with a Fermi-step momentum distribution is studied within the model of a Fermi liquid with a strong repulsive interaction. A ground-state rearrangement occurs as the interaction strength is increased beyond a certain critical value. Numerical investigation of the initial stage of this structural transition shows that there are two temperature regions, corresponding to different scenarios of the rearrangement. While for temperature T larger than some characteristic temperature the behaviour of the system is the same as that in the case of fermion condensation, for an intermediate structure with a multi-connected quasiparticle momentum distribution arises.

DOI
10.1088/0953-8984/11/9/004

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The structure of the ground state beyond the instability point of the quasiparticle system with a Fermi-step momentum distribution is studied within the model of a Fermi liquid with a strong repulsive interaction. A ground-state rearrangement occurs as the interaction strength is increased beyond a certain critical value. Numerical investigation of the initial stage of this structural transition shows that there are two temperature regions, corresponding to different scenarios of the rearrangement. While for temperature T larger than some characteristic temperature the behaviour of the system is the same as that in the case of fermion condensation, for an intermediate structure with a multi-connected quasiparticle momentum distribution arises.
We examine the structure of the ground state of a homogeneous Fermi liquid beyond the instability point of the Fermi-like quasiparticle momentum distribution in the effective-functional method with a strong repulsive effective interaction. A numerical study of the initial stage of rearrangement of the ground state, based on a simple effective functional, showed that there exists a temperature T 0 , above which the behavior of the system is the same as in the theory of fermion condensation, and for T < T 0 the scenario of rearrangement of the ground state is different. At low temperatures an intermediate structure arises, with a multiply connected quasiparticle momentum distribution. The transition of this structure with growth of the coupling constant to a state with a fermion condensate is discussed.
Opportunities for topological phase transitions in strongly correlated Fermi systems near a quantum critical point are explored as an alternative to collective scenarios for experimentally observed departures from standard Fermi-liquid behavior. Attention is focused on a quantum critical point at which the effective mass is divergent due to vanishing of the quasiparticle group velocity at the Fermi surface. Working within the original Landau quasiparticle theory, it is demonstrated that the quasiparticle picture can remain meaningful beyond the quantum critical point through rearrangements of the unstable normal Fermi surface and quasiparticle spectrum. Two possibilities emerge at zero temperature, depending on whether the quasiparticle interaction is regular or singular at zero momentum transfer. In the regular case, one type of topological phase transformation leads to a state with a multiconnected Fermi surface. In the singular case, another type of topological phase transition leads to an exceptional state containing a fermion condensate – the Fermi surface swells into a volume in momentum space, within which partial occupation prevails and quasiparticle energies are pinned to the chemical potential. As the temperature increases from zero to a characteristic value Tm, a crossover can occur from the state with multiple Fermi surfaces to that containing a fermion condensate.
The stability condition of the Landau Fermi liquid theory may be broken when the interaction between particles is strong enough. In this case, the ground state is reconstructed to have a particle distribution different from the Fermi-step function. For specific instances, one case with the vector boson exchange and another with the relativistic heavy-ion collision are taken into consideration. With the vector boson exchange, we find that the relative weak interaction strength can lead to the ground-state rearrangement as long as the fermion mass is large enough. It is found that the relativistic heavy-ion collision may also cause the ground-state rearrangement, affecting the statistics of the collision system.
The rearrangement of single-particle degrees of freedom of a dilute two-dimensional electron gas in the vicinity of the quantum critical point is examined within a microscopic approach. It is shown that just beyond the critical point, the Landau state undergoes self-consistent rearrangement of the quasiparticle spectrum and momentum distribution. At very low temperatures, there emerges a multi-connected quasiparticle momentum distribution. With increasing temperature, two crossovers occur: a fermion condensate appears in the first and disappears in the second, giving way to universal non-Fermi-liquid behavior. Manifestations of these crossovers in thermodynamic properties of the electron gas are studied and characterized. The four quasiparticle phases predicted to exist in the vicinity of the critical point are collected in a schematic phase diagram.
A model of a Fermi liquid with the fermion condensate (FC) is applied to the consideration of quasiparticle excitations in high-temperature superconductors, in their superconducting and normal states. Within our model the appearance of the fermion condensate presents a quantum phase transition that separates the regions of normal and strongly correlated electron liquids. Beyond the phase transition point the quasiparticle system is divided into two subsystems, one containing normal quasiparticles and the other---fermion condensate localized at the Fermi surface and characterized by almost dispersionless single-particle excitations. In the superconducting state the quasiparticle dispersion in systems with FC can be presented by two straight lines, characterized by effective masses MFC∗{M}_{\mathrm{FC}}^{*}MFC∗​ and ML∗,{M}_{L}^{*},ML∗​, respectively, and intersecting near the binding energy, which is of the order of the superconducting gap. This same quasiparticle picture persists in the normal state, thus manifesting itself over a wide range of temperatures as new energy scales. Arguments are presented that fermion systems with FC have features of a ``quantum protectorate'' [R. B. Laughlin and D. Pines, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 28 (2000); P. W. Anderson, cond-mat/0007185 (unpublished); cond-mat/0007287 (unpublished)].
The relation between the broken rotational symmetry of a system and the topology of its Fermi surface is studied for the two-dimensional system with the quasiparticle interaction f ( p , p' ) having a sharp peak at | p − p' | = q 0 . It is shown that, in the case of attraction and q 0 = 2 p F the first instability manifesting itself with the growth of the interaction strength is the Pomeranchuk instability. This instability appearing in the L = 2 channel gives rise to a second order phase transition to a nematic phase. The Monte Carlo calculations demonstrate that this transition is followed by a sequence of the first and second order phase transitions corresponding to the changes in the symmetry and topology of the Fermi surface. In the case of repulsion and small values of q 0 , the first transition is a topological transition to a state with the spontaneously broken rotational symmetry, namely, corresponding to the nucleation of L ≃ π( p F / q 0 − 1) small hole pockets at the distance p F − q 0 from the center and the deformation of the outer Fermi surface with the characteristic multipole number equal to L . At q 0 → 0, when the model under study transforms to the two-dimensional Nozières model, the multipole number characterizing the spontaneous deformation is L → ∞, whereas the infinitely folded Fermi curve acquires the Hausdorff dimension D = 2 which corresponds to the state with the fermion condensate.