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arXiv:cond-mat/9805215 · Physical Review Letters

Density of Bloch Waves after a Quench

Jacek Dziarmaga

Published Dec 21, 1998• 15 citations
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Abstract

Production of Bloch waves during a rapid quench is studied by analytical and numerical methods. The density of Bloch waves decays exponentially with the quench time. It also strongly depends on temperature. Very few textures are produced for temperatures lower than a characteristic temperature proportional to the square of the magnetic field.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.81.5485

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Production of Bloch waves during a rapid quench is studied by analytical and numerical methods. The density of Bloch waves decays exponentially with the quench time. It also strongly depends on temperature. Very few textures are produced for temperatures lower than a characteristic temperature proportional to the square of the magnetic field.
The problem of a sudden temperature quench of a spin system is studied for the case of a two-dimensional spin-flip kinetic Ising model in zero external field. The analysis is carried out for the case where both the initial and final temperatures are in the disordered phase. The problem is analyzed with the use of a generalization of the real-space dynamic renormalization-group method. The interesting features found in studying the time-dependent structure factor are the following: (i) a nonmonotonic time dependence at finite wave numbers corresponding to "structure pulses"; (ii) a slow shift and decay in the peak of the structure factor for fixed wave number as a function of temperature; (iii) a slow approach to the final exponential relaxation to equilibrium.
We investigate the time evolution of the density of kinks in the spin-1/2 quantum Ising spin chain after a sudden quench in the transverse field strength, and find that it relaxes to a value which depends on the initial and the final values of the transverse field, with an oscillating power-law decay. We provide analytical estimates of the long-time behavior and of the asymptotic value reached after complete relaxation, and discuss the role of quantum criticality in the quench dynamics. We show that, for a dynamics at the critical point, the residual density of kinks after the quench can be described by equilibrium statistical mechanics at a finite temperature dictated by the energy of the state after the quench. On the other hand, outside of criticality it does not exhibit thermalization.
We take a one-dimensional tight-binding chain with periodic boundary condition and put a particle in an arbitrary Bloch state, then quench it by suddenly changing the potential of an arbitrary site. In the ensuing time evolution, the probability density of the wave function at an arbitrary site jumps indefinitely between plateaus . This phenomenon adds to a former one in which the survival probability of the particle in the initial Bloch state shows cusps periodically, which was found in the same scenario ( Zhang J. M. and Yang H.-T. , EPL , 114 (2016) 60001). The plateaus support the scattering wave picture of the quench dynamics of the Bloch state. Underlying the cusps and jumps is the exactly solvable, nonanalytic dynamics of a Luttinger-like model, based on which, the locations of the jumps and the heights of the plateaus are accurately predicted.
We study analytically and numerically quench dynamics and defects formation in the quantum Ising model in the presence of a time-dependent transverse magnetic field. We generalize the Landau-Ziner formula to the case of non-adiabatic evolution of the quantum system. For a quasi-static magnetic field, with a slow dependence on time, our outcomes are similar to the results predicted by the Landau-Zener formula. However, a quench dynamics under a shock-wave load is more complicated. The final state of the system depends on the amplitude and pulse velocity, resulting in the mixture of ground and excited states and significant density of defects.
We provide an overview of our numerical and analytical studies of isolated interacting quantum systems that are abruptly quenched out of equilibrium instantaneously. We describe the relaxation process to a new equilibrium and obtain lower bounds for the relaxation time of full random matrices and realistic systems with two-body interactions. We show that the size of the time fluctuations after relaxation decays exponentially with system size for systems without too many degeneracies. We also discuss the conditions for thermalization and demonstrate that it can happen after local and global quenches in space. The analyses are developed for systems, initial states, and few-body observables accessible to experiments with optical lattices.