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arXiv:cond-mat/9710343 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Confined coherence and analytic properties of Green’s functions

Kurt Schönhammer

Published Aug 15, 1998• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A simple model of noninteracting electrons with a separable one-body potential is used to discuss the possible pole structure of single-particle Green's functions for fermions on unphysical sheets in the complex frequency plane as a function of the system parameters. The poles in the exact Green's function can cross the imaginary axis, in contrast to recent claims that such a behavior is unphysical. As the Green's function of the model has the same functional form as an approximate Green's function for coupled Luttinger liquids, no definite conclusions concerning the concept of ``confined coherence'' can be drawn from the locations of the poles of this Green's function.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.58.3494

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A simple model of noninteracting electrons with a separable one-body potential is used to discuss the possible pole structure of single-particle Green's functions for fermions on unphysical sheets in the complex frequency plane as a function of the system parameters. The poles in the exact Green's function can cross the imaginary axis, in contrast to recent claims that such a behavior is unphysical. As the Green's function of the model has the same functional form as an approximate Green's function for coupled Luttinger liquids, no definite conclusions concerning the concept of ``confined coherence'' can be drawn from the locations of the poles of this Green's function.
Some analytic properties of the single-particle Green functions and proper self-energy parts for a system of interacting bosons at nonzero temperatures are derived. In particular, it is shown how to obtain the analytical continuations of simple functions of the proper self-energy parts, which can be obtained from perturbation theory at an infinite set of points along the imaginary energy axis, to the whole of the complex energy plane. This is useful in determining the poles of the Green functions.
For a three-electron system with finite-strength interactions confined to a one-dimensional harmonic trap, we solve the Schrödinger equation analytically to obtain the exact solutions, from which we construct explicitly the simultaneous eigenstates of the energy and total spin for the first time. The solutions for the three-electron system allow us to derive analytic expressions for the exact one-particle Green's function (GF) for the corresponding two-electron system. We calculate the GF in frequency domain to examine systematically its behavior depending on the electronic interactions. We also compare the pole structure of non-interacting GF using the exact Kohn-Sham (KS) potential with that of the exact GF to find that the discrepancy of the energy gap between the KS system and the original system is larger for a stronger interaction. We perform numerical examination on the behavior of GFs in real space to demonstrate that the exact and KS GFs can have shapes quite different from each other. Our simple model will help to understand generic characteristics of interacting GFs.
In periodic systems of interacting electrons, Fermi and Luttinger surfaces refer to the locations within the Brillouin zone of poles and zeros, respectively, of the single-particle Green's function at zero energy and temperature. Such difference in analytic properties underlies the emergence of well-defined quasiparticles close to a Fermi surface, in contrast to their supposed non-existence close to a Luttinger surface, where the single-particle density-of-states vanishes at zero energy. We here show that, contrary to such common belief, coherent `quasiparticles' do exist also approaching a Luttinger surface in compressible interacting electron systems. Thermodynamic and dynamic properties of such 'quasiparticles' are just those of conventional ones. For instance, they yield well defined quantum oscillations in Luttinger's surface and linear in temperature specific heat, which is striking given the vanishing density of states of physical electrons, but actually not uncommon in strongly correlated materials.