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arXiv:cond-mat/9707072 · International Journal of Modern Physics C

A New Look at the 2D Ising Model from Exact Partition Function Zeros for Large Lattice Sizes

Nelson A. Alves, J. R. Drugowich de Felício, Ulrich H. E. Hansmann

Published Oct 1, 1997• 20 citations
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Abstract

A general numerical method is presented to locate the partition function zeros in the complex β plane for large lattice sizes. We apply this method to the 2D Ising model and results are reported for square lattice sizes up to L = 64. We also propose an alternative method to evaluate corrections to scaling which relies only on the leading zeros. This method is illustrated with our data.

DOI
10.1142/s0129183197000928

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A general numerical method is presented to locate the partition function zeros in the complex β plane for large lattice sizes. We apply this method to the 2D Ising model and results are reported for square lattice sizes up to L = 64. We also propose an alternative method to evaluate corrections to scaling which relies only on the leading zeros. This method is illustrated with our data.
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There is no an exact solution to three-dimensional (3D) finite-size Ising model (referred to as the Ising model hereafter for simplicity) and even two-dimensional (2D) Ising model with non-zero external field to our knowledge. Here by using an elementary but rigorous method, we obtain an exact solution to the partition function of the Ising model with NNN lattice sites. It is a sum of 2N2^N2N exponential functions and holds for DDD-dimensional (D=1,2,3,...D=1,2,3,...D=1,2,3,...) Ising model with or without the external field. This solution provides a new insight into the problem of the Ising model and the related difficulties, and new understanding of the classic exact solutions for one-dimensional (1D) (Kramers and Wannier, 1941) or 2D Ising model (Onsager, 1944). With this solution, the specific heat and magnetisation of a simple 3D Ising model are calculated, which are consistent with the results from experiments and/or numerical simulations. Furthermore, the solution here and the related approaches, can also be available to other models like the percolation and/or the Potts model.
In this work, we present a computational procedure to locate the dominant Fisher zero of the partition function of a thermodynamic system. The procedure greatly reduces the required computer processing time to find the dominant zero when compared to other dominant zero search procedures. As a consequence, when the partition function results in very large polynomials, the accuracy of the results can be increased, since less drastic truncation of the polynomials (or even no truncation) is necessary. We apply the procedure to the 2D Ising model in a square lattice, obtaining very accurate results for the critical temperature and some of the critical exponents of the model. We also show the results obtained when the technique is used with the Monte Carlo simulated 2D Ising model in large lattices.
The exact integer values for the density of states of the Ising model on an L×L square lattice with self-dual boundary conditions are evaluated up to L = 22 for the first time by counting all possible spin states (enormous 2 485 ≈ 10 146 states for L = 22). The exact partition function zeros in the complex temperature plane, very sensitive indicators for phase transitions and critical phenomena, are obtained by using the density of states. From the behavior of the partition function zeros, the shift exponent λ of the square-lattice Ising model with self-dual boundary conditions is accurately and precisely estimated to be λ = 2.0000000(2), clearly indicating λ = 2.