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arXiv:cond-mat/9706195 · Physical Review Letters

Nonmonotonic Crossover of the Effective Susceptibility Exponent

Erik Luijten, Henk W. J. Blöte, Kurt Binder

Published Jul 28, 1997• 50 citations
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Abstract

We have numerically determined the behavior of the magnetic susceptibility upon approach of the critical point in two-dimensional spin systems with an interaction range that was varied over nearly 2 orders of magnitude. The full crossover from classical to Ising-like critical behavior, spanning several decades in the reduced temperature, could be observed. Our results convincingly show that the effective susceptibility exponent ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ changes nonmonotonically from its classical to its Ising value when approaching the critical point in the ordered phase. In the disordered phase the behavior is monotonic. Furthermore, the hypothesis that the crossover function is universal is supported.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.79.561

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We have numerically determined the behavior of the magnetic susceptibility upon approach of the critical point in two-dimensional spin systems with an interaction range that was varied over nearly 2 orders of magnitude. The full crossover from classical to Ising-like critical behavior, spanning several decades in the reduced temperature, could be observed. Our results convincingly show that the effective susceptibility exponent \ensuremathγeff{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremathγeff​ changes nonmonotonically from its classical to its Ising value when approaching the critical point in the ordered phase. In the disordered phase the behavior is monotonic. Furthermore, the hypothesis that the crossover function is universal is supported.
We determine the scaling functions describing the crossover from Ising-like critical behavior to classical critical behavior in two-dimensional systems with a variable interaction range. Since this crossover spans several decades in the reduced temperature as well as in the finite-size crossover variable, it has up to now largely evaded a satisfactory numerical determination. Using a dedicated Monte Carlo method, we could obtain accurate results for sufficiently large interaction ranges. Our data cover the full crossover region both above and below the critical temperature and support the hypothesis that the crossover functions are universal. Also the so-called effective exponents are discussed and we show that these can vary nonmonotonically in the crossover region.
We study the crossover between classical and nonclassical critical behaviors. The critical crossover limit is driven by the Ginzburg number G. The corresponding scaling functions are universal with respect to any possible microscopic mechanism which can vary G, such as changing the range or the strength of the interactions. The critical crossover describes the unique flow from the unstable Gaussian to the stable nonclassical fixed point. The scaling functions are related to the continuum renormalization-group functions. We show these features explicitly in the large-NNN limit of the $\mathrm{O}(N) {\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ model. We also show that the effective susceptibility exponent is nonmonotonic in the low-temperature phase of the three-dimensional Ising model.
We show that the critical behavior of disordered ferromagnets can be understood in terms of an effective, translational invariant Hamiltonian with renormalized coupling parameters which exhibit a tricritical as well as a critical point. The stable critical fixed point describes the critical behavior of weakly disordered systems, whereas the tricritical fixed point is responsible for the critical behavior of strongly disordered systems at least in the experimentally accessible range of temperature. This necessitates a crossover theory to describe the crossover between these two fixed points and to calculate critical properties as a function of concentration and temperature. In this paper we study the symmetric phase. Susceptibility and specific heat are calculated in scaling form using nonlinear scaling fields to verify that disordered ferromagnets exhibit universal critical behavior. The corresponding effective exponents exhibit nonmonotonous concentration- and temperature-dependent behavior. According to our theory, Fisher-renormalized tricritical behavior dominates in the experimentally accessible temperature range which leads to extreme values of the effective exponents ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$=2 and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$=-1 in the limit of strong dilution. However, in accord with the Harris criterion we verify that the asymptotic behavior (T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Tc{T}_{c}Tc​) is not changed by dilution if the critical exponent of the specific heat of the pure system ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{pure}<0}$, independent of the value of the concentration.
We present an accurate numerical determination of the crossover from classical to Ising-like critical behavior upon approach of the critical point in three-dimensional systems. The possibility of varying the Ginzburg number in our simulations allows us to cover the entire crossover region. We employ these results to scrutinize several semiphenomenological crossover scaling functions that are widely used for the analysis of experimental results. In addition, we present strong evidence that the exponent relations do not hold between effective exponents.
We examine the crossover from classical to non-classical critical behaviour in two-dimensional systems with a one-component order parameter. Since the degree of universality of the corresponding crossover functions is still subject to debate, we try to induce non-universal effects by adding interactions with a second length scale. Although the crossover functions clearly depend on the range of the interactions, they turn out to be remarkably robust against further variation of the interaction profile. In particular, we find that the earlier observed non-monotonic crossover of the effective susceptibility exponent occurs for several qualitatively different shapes of this profile.
We consider two different systems exhibiting a continuous phase transition into an absorbing state. Both models belong to the same universality class; i.e., they are characterized by the same scaling functions and the same critical exponents. Varying the range of interactions, we examine the crossover from the mean-field-like to the non-mean-field scaling behavior. A phenomenological scaling form is applied in order to describe the full crossover region, which spans several decades. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that the crossover function is universal.