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arXiv:cond-mat/9702227 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Spectrum of boundary states in the open Hubbard chain

Gerald Bedürftig, Holger Frahm

Published Jun 21, 1997• 42 citations
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Abstract

We use the Bethe ansatz solution for the one-dimensional Hubbard model with open boundary conditions and applied boundary fields to study the spectrum of bound states at the boundary. Depending on the strength of the boundary potentials, one finds that the true ground state contains a single charge or, for boundary potentials comparable with the Hubbard interaction, a pair of electrons in a bound state. If these are left unoccupied one finds holon and spinon bound states. We compute the finite size corrections to the low-lying energies in this system and use the predictions of boundary conformal field theory to study the exponents related to the orthogonality catastrophe.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/30/12/006

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We use the Bethe ansatz solution for the one-dimensional Hubbard model with open boundary conditions and applied boundary fields to study the spectrum of bound states at the boundary. Depending on the strength of the boundary potentials, one finds that the true ground state contains a single charge or, for boundary potentials comparable with the Hubbard interaction, a pair of electrons in a bound state. If these are left unoccupied one finds holon and spinon bound states. We compute the finite size corrections to the low-lying energies in this system and use the predictions of boundary conformal field theory to study the exponents related to the orthogonality catastrophe.
We use the Bethe Ansatz solution for the one dimensional Hubbard model with open boundary conditions and applied boundary fields to study the spectrum of bound states at the boundary. Depending on the strength of the boundary potentials one finds that the true ground state contains a single charge or, for boundary potentials comparable to the Hubbard interaction, a pair of electrons in a bound state. If these are left unoccupied one finds holon and spinon bound states. We compute the finite size corrections to the low lying energies in this system and use the predictions of boundary conformal field theory to study the exponents related to the orthogonality catastrophe.
Using the Bethe ansatz we study the spectrum of boundary bound states of the SU ( N ) generalization of the one-dimensional Hubbard model with open boundaries and applied boundary potentials. The number of electrons bound by the boundary field is found from the surface contribution to the energy. Finite size corrections to the low-lying energies in this system and use of the predictions of boundary conformal field theory allows us to study the exponents related to the orthogonality catastrophe and absorption edges.
Using the density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) technique, we calculate critical exponents for the one-dimensional Hubbard model with open boundary conditions with and without additional boundary potentials at both ends. A direct comparison with open boundary condition Bethe ansatz calculations provides a good check for the DMRG calculations on large system sizes. On the other hand, the DMRG calculations provide an independent check of the predictions of conformal field theory, which are needed to obtain the critical exponents from the Bethe ansatz. From the Bethe ansatz we predict the behavior of the 1/L1/L1/L-corrected mean value of the Friedel oscillations (for the density and the magnetization) and the characteristic wave vectors, and show numerically that these conjectures are fulfilled with and without boundary potentials. The quality of the numerical results allows us to determine the behavior of the coefficients of the Friedel oscillations as a function of the Hubbard interaction.
The Bethe ansatz equations of the 1-D Hubbard model under open boundary conditions are systematically derived by diagonalizing the inhomogeneous transfer matrix of the XXX model with open boundaries. Through the finite-size correction, we obtain the energy spectrum of the open chain and discuss the effects of boundary magnetic fields applied only at the edges of the chain. Several physical implications of the finite-size spectrum are discussed from the viewpoint of the boundary conformal field theories (BCFT); the conformal dimension of the spin excitation is quite sensitive to the boundary magnetic fields, and this sensitivity can be explained in terms of the π/2π/2π/2-phase shift of the BCFT. For several limiting cases such as for the half-filling case, the conformal dimensions are explicitly calculated.