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arXiv:cond-mat/9509155 · APS March Meeting Abstracts

A Model of Correlated Fermions with $d_{x^2-y^2}$ Superconductivity

Alexander Nazarenko, Adriana Moreo, José A. Riera, Elbio R. Dagotto

Published Sep 25, 1995• 0 citations
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Abstract

Motivated by the phenomenology of the high-Tc cuprates, a two dimensional fermionic model with attractive interactions is here discussed. The exact solution to the two particle problem leads to a bound state in the $d_{x^2 - y^2}$ subspace. Numerical techniques suggest that the model has $d_{x^2 - y^2}$ superconductivity (SC) in the ground state at low fermionic density. Within a self-consistent RPA diagrammatic study, the density dependence of the critical temperature is calculated. We argue that in the context of d-wave SC this model fulfills the role that the attractive on-site Hubbard model has played for s-wave SC. We also show that another candidate, the attractive ``t-U-V'' model, which has d-wave SC at the mean-field level is actually not useful as a realization of this family of condensates for a variety of reasons.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9509155

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A Model of Correlated Fermions with dx2−y2d_{x^2-y^2}dx2−y2​ Superconductivity
Motivated by the phenomenology of the high-Tc cuprates, a two dimensional fermionic model with attractive interactions is here discussed. The exact solution to the two particle problem leads to a bound state in the dx2−y2d_{x^2 - y^2}dx2−y2​ subspace. Numerical techniques suggest that the model has dx2−y2d_{x^2 - y^2}dx2−y2​ superconductivity (SC) in the ground state at low fermionic density. Within a self-consistent RPA diagrammatic study, the density dependence of the critical temperature is calculated. We argue that in the context of d-wave SC this model fulfills the role that the attractive on-site Hubbard model has played for s-wave SC. We also show that another candidate, the attractive ``t-U-V'' model, which has d-wave SC at the mean-field level is actually not useful as a realization of this family of condensates for a variety of reasons.
A two-dimensional fermionic model with attractive interactions is discussed. Its form is motivated by the phenomenology of the underdoped high-Tc{T}_{c}Tc​ cuprates, as discussed in previous literature. The exact solution to the two-particle problem leads to a bound state in the ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ subspace. Numerical techniques show that the model has strong ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ pairing correlations in the ground state at low fermionic density. Within a self-consistent random phase approximation diagrammatic study, the model has a ddd-wave superconducting (SC) phase. The density dependence of the critical temperature is calculated. We argue that in the context of ddd-wave SC this model fulfills the role that the attractive on-site Hubbard model has played for sss-wave SC. We also show that another candidate, the attractive $t\ensuremath{-}U\ensuremath{-}V$ model, is actually not useful as a toy model for ddd-wave SC for a variety of reasons.
Based on the known phenomenology of high-Tc cuprates and the available numerical calculations of the t − J model, a two-dimensional effective fermionic model with the nearest neighbor attraction is proposed. Numerical calculations suggest that the model has the dx2−y2 superconductivity (SC) in the ground state at a low fermionic density. We argue that this model captures the important physics of the dx2−y2 superconducting correlations found earlier in the t − J model by the exact diagonalization approach. Within a self-consistent RPA diagrammatic study, the density and the coupling strength dependence of the critical temperature is calculated. We also investigate the influence of the impurities on our results and show that the suppression of the superconductivity is insignificant, when the retardation effects are accounted for as opposed to the Hartree–Fock approximation.
Inhomogeneities on various length scales suggesting phase separation seem to be a generic feature of hole-doped high-temperature superconducting cuprates. Also firmly established is the d-wave symmetry of the superconducting state. The interplay of superconductivity and phase separation has been noted in previous mean-field studies of correlated electron models. To further explore this issue in a more rigorous approach we have conducted quantum Monte Carlo calculations of a two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor attractive interaction. For a vanishing on-site repulsion, the result agrees with that of Micnas, Ranninger, and Robaszkiewicz [Phys. Rev. B 39, 11 653 (1989)], and indicates that for a given strength of the attractive interaction, homogeneous d-wave superconducting phase can exist only above a critical doping concentration, below which phase separation occurs. A finite on-site repulsion modifies the phase separation behavior. A stronger d-wave pairing correlation is seen in the inhomogeneous phase compared to the homogeneous phase.
The two-dimensional (2D) Hubbard model is widely believed to contain the key ingredients of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprate materials. Here, we report a constrained path quantum Monte Carlo (CPQMC) study of the square-lattice extended Hubbard model with on-site Coulomb repulsion U and nearest-neighbor (NN) electron attraction V. Upon doping δδδ= 0.125, we find that the NN electron attraction V can notably drive an exotic spin-triplet (p-wave) superconducting (SC) phase, and enhance the p-wave SC correlations with the increase of V. But in the intermediate coupling regime, the dx2−y2d_{x^2-y^2}dx2−y2​-wave (d-wave) does not significantly increase with the increase of V, indicating that the d-wave is not affected by V in strongly correlated system. Besides the pairing phase, a spin density wave (SDW) only exists near the half-filling in the particle-hole channel, and doping disrupts the formation of SDW order. Especially, the NN electron attraction V has no significant effect on SDW, reflecting the consistent relationship between d-wave SC and spin correlation. Moreover, as doping increases, the dominant region of p-wave also expands, further suppressing the presence of d-wave, which may help explain the disappearance of d-wave SC in overdoped cuprate superconductors. We also find the d-wave exhibits a singular nonzero (near point (2π/3,π2π/3, π2π/3,π)) condensation structure in momentum space, resulting in a different staggered behavior in the x and y direction with distance in real space. On the contrary, the p-wave condensed at zero momentum, and the p-wave correlation exhibits exponential decay in real space. Our work suggests the p-wave SC region can be induced and further broadened by the NN electron attraction V, offering a feasible mechanism to realize p-wave superconductivity in realistic cuprate materials.
Extensive numerical studies have demonstrated that the two-dimensional single-band Hubbard model contains much of the key physics in cuprate high-temperature superconductors. However, there is no definitive proof that the Hubbard model truly possesses a superconducting ground state or, if it does, of how it depends on model parameters. To answer these longstanding questions, we study an extension of the Hubbard model including an infinite-range ddd-wave pair field term, which precipitates a superconducting state in the ddd-wave channel. Using exact diagonalization on 16-site square clusters, we study the evolution of the ground state as a function of the strength of the pairing term. This is achieved by monitoring the fidelity metric of the ground state, as well as determining the ratio between the two largest eigenvalues of the ddd-wave pair/spin/charge-density matrices. The calculations show a ddd-wave superconducting ground state in doped clusters bracketed by a strong antiferromagnetic state at half filling controlled by the Coulomb repulsion UUU and a weak short-range checkerboard charge ordered state at larger hole doping controlled by the next-nearest-neighbor hopping ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. We also demonstrate that negative ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ plays an important role in facilitating ddd-wave superconductivity.
Numerical and analytical studies of several models of correlated electrons are discussed. Based on exact diagonalization and variational Monte Carlo techniques, we have found indications that the two-dimensional t-J model superconducts near phase separation in the regime of quarter-filling density, in agreement with previous results reported by Dagotto and Riera [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 682 (1993)]. At this density the dominant channel is dx2{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2}dx2​-y2{\mathit{y}}^{2}y2, but a transiton to s-wave superconductivity is observed decreasing the electronic density. In addition, the one-band t-U-V model has also been studied using a mean-field approximation. An interesting region of dx2{\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2}dx2​-y2{\mathit{y}}^{2}y2 superconductivity near phase separation is observed in the phase diagram, and its implications for recent self-consistent studies of d-wave condensates in the context of the high-Tc{\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}Tc​ cuprates are briefly discussed. Finally, the two-band Hubbard model on a chain is also analyzed. Superconducting correlations near phase separation exist in this model, as it occurs in the t-J model. Based on these nontrivial examples it is conjectured that electronic models tend to have superconducting phases in the vicinity of phase separation, and this regime of parameter space should be explored first when a new model for superconductivity is proposed. Reciprocally, if it is established that a model does not phase separate, even in an extended parameter space, then we believe that its chances of presenting a superconducting phase are considerably reduced.