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arXiv:cond-mat/9508105 · Journal of Applied Physics

Spin correlation functions in random-exchange s=1/2 XXZ chains

Heinrich Röder, Joachim Stolze, Richard N. Silver, Gerhard Müller

Published Apr 15, 1996• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The decay of (disorder-averaged) static spin correlation functions at T=0 for the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ antiferromagnet with uniform longitudinal coupling JΔ and random transverse coupling Jλi is investigated by numerical calculations for ensembles of finite chains. At Δ=0 (XX model) the calculation is based on the Jordan-Wigner mapping to free lattice fermions for chains with up to N=100 sites. At Δ≠0 Lanczos diagonalizations are carried out for chains with up to N=22 sites. The longitudinal correlation function 〈Sz0Szr〉 is found to exhibit a power-law decay with an exponent that varies with Δ and, for nonzero Δ, also with the width of the λi-distribution. The results for the transverse correlation function 〈Sx0Sxr〉 show a crossover from power-law decay to exponential decay as the exchange disorder is turned on.

DOI
10.1063/1.361687

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The decay of (disorder-averaged) static spin correlation functions at T=0 for the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ antiferromagnet with uniform longitudinal coupling JΔ and random transverse coupling Jλi is investigated by numerical calculations for ensembles of finite chains. At Δ=0 (XX model) the calculation is based on the Jordan-Wigner mapping to free lattice fermions for chains with up to N=100 sites. At Δ≠0 Lanczos diagonalizations are carried out for chains with up to N=22 sites. The longitudinal correlation function 〈Sz0Szr〉 is found to exhibit a power-law decay with an exponent that varies with Δ and, for nonzero Δ, also with the width of the λi-distribution. The results for the transverse correlation function 〈Sx0Sxr〉 show a crossover from power-law decay to exponential decay as the exchange disorder is turned on.
The decay of (disorder-averaged) static spin correlation functions at T = 0 for the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ antiferromagnet with uniform longitudinal coupling J ∆ and random transverse coupling Jλi is investigated by numerical calculations for ensembles of finite chains. At ∆ = 0 (XX model) the calculation is based on the Jordan-Wigner mapping to free lattice fermions for chains with up to N = 100 sites. At ∆ ̸ = 0 Lanczos diagonalizations are carried out for chains with up to N = 22 sites. The longitudinal correlation function 〈Sz 0Sz r 〉 is found to exhibit a power-law decay with an exponent that varies with ∆ and, for nonzero ∆, also with the width of the λi-distribution. The results for the transverse correlation function 〈S x 0 Sx r 〉 show a crossover from power-law decay to exponential decay as the exchange disorder is turned on. 1 Typeset using REVTEXThe combination of randomness and quantum fluctuations is well-known to be a fertile ground for interesting physical phenomena including Anderson localization. In onedimensional (1D) tight-binding systems the rule is that disorder always leads to localization. However, if the randomness is purely off-diagonal, the localization length diverges at the band center, 1 which is bound to affect the decay law of correlation functions. One particular off-diagonally disordered fermion model, the 1D half-filled tight-binding model with random hopping, is equivalent to the special XX case ( ∆ = 0) of the 1D s = 1/2 XXZ model with random transverse exchange coupling, described by the Hamiltonian H = J ∑
The effects of randomness and dimerization on the spin-1/2 XX\mathrm{XX}XX chain are studied by a mapping to free fermions. Results are presented for the transverse and longitudinal components of the average and typical spin- and string-correlation functions. Contrary to previous numerical evidence, the decay exponents of all the above correlation functions are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical renormalization-group predictions for the random singlet phase. We also present crossover functions for the above correlation functions in the random dimer phase. Disorder averages have been taken for system sizes up to N=1024,N=1024,N=1024, about ten times larger than in previous studies.
The random antiferromagnetic spin-1∕21∕21∕2 XX and XXZ chain is studied numerically for varying strength of the disorder, using exact diagonalization and stochastic series expansion methods. The spin-spin correlation function as well as the stiffness display a clear crossover from the pure behavior (no disorder) to the infinite randomness fixed point or random singlet behavior predicted by the real space renormalization group. The crossover length scale is shown to diverge as $\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\sim}{\mathcal{D}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, where D\mathcal{D}D is the variance of the random bonds. Our estimates for the exponent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ agrees well within the error bars with the one for the localization length exponent emerging within an analytical bosonization calculation. Exact diagonalization and stochastic series expansion results for the string correlation function are also presented.
The critical behavior of the random transverse-field Ising model in finite-dimensional lattices is governed by infinite disorder fixed points, several properties of which have already been calculated by the use of the strong disorder renormalization-group (SDRG) method. Here we extend these studies and calculate the connected transverse-spin correlation function by a numerical implementation of the SDRG method in d=1,2d=1,2d=1,2, and 3 dimensions. At the critical point an algebraic decay of the form $\ensuremath{\sim}{r}^{\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{t}}$ is found, with a decay exponent being approximately ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{t}\ensuremath{\approx}2+2d$. In d=1d=1d=1 the results are related to dimer-dimer correlations in the random antiferromagnetic XXXXXX chain and have been tested by numerical calculations using free-fermionic techniques.
Dynamic spin correlation functions 〈Six{\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{i}}^{\mathit{x}}Six​(t)Sjx{\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{j}}^{\mathit{x}}Sjx​〉 for the one-dimensional S=1/2 XX model H=-Jtsumi{\mathit{Jtsum}}_{\mathit{i}}Jtsumi​{Six{\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{i}}^{\mathit{x}}Six​Si+1x{\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{i}+1}^{\mathit{x}}Si+1x​+Siy{\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{i}}^{\mathit{y}}Siy​Si{\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{i}}Si​ $_{+1}^{\mathit{y}}\mathrm{}}$ are calculated exactly for finite open chains with up to N=10 000 spins. Over a certain time range the results are free of finite-size effects and thus represent correlation functions of an infinite chain (bulk regime) or a semi-infinite chain (boundary regime). In the bulk regime, the long-time asymptotic decay as inferred by extrapolation is Gaussian at T=\ensuremath{\infty}, exponential at 0T\ensuremath{\infty}, and power law (\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{t}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$) at T=0, in agreement with exact results. In the boundary regime, a power-law decay is obtained at all temperatures; the characteristic exponent is universal at T=0 (\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{t}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) and at 0T\ensuremath{\infty}(\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{t}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3/2}$), but is site dependent at T=\ensuremath{\infty}. In the high-temperature regime (T/J\ensuremath{\gg}1) and in the low-temperature regime (T/J\ensuremath{\ll}1), crossovers between different decay laws can be observed in 〈Six{\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{i}}^{\mathit{x}}Six​(t)Sjx{\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{j}}^{\mathit{x}}Sjx​〉. Additional crossovers are found between bulk-tpe and boundary-type decay for i=j near the boundary, and between spacelike and timelike behavior for i\ensuremath{\ne}j.
We study XY and dimerized XX spin-1/2 chains with random exchange couplings by analytical and numerical methods and scaling considerations. We extend previous investigations to dynamical properties, to surface quantities, and operator profiles, and give a detailed analysis of the Griffiths phase. We present a phenomenological scaling theory of average quantities based on the scaling properties of rare regions, in which the distribution of the couplings follows a surviving random-walk character. Using this theory we have obtained the complete set of critical decay exponents of the random XY and XX models, both in the volume and at the surface. The scaling results are confirmed by numerical calculations based on a mapping to free fermions, which then lead to an exact correspondence with directed walks. The numerically calculated critical operator profiles on large finite systems (L< 512)(L<~512)(L< 512) are found to follow conformal predictions with the decay exponents of the phenomenological scaling theory. Dynamical correlations in the critical state are in average logarithmically slow and their distribution shows multiscaling character. In the Griffiths phase, which is an extended part of the off-critical region, average autocorrelations have a power-law form with a nonuniversal decay exponent, which is analytically calculated. We note on extensions of our work to the random antiferromagnetic XXZ chain and to higher dimensions.