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arXiv:cond-mat/9508078 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Evidence for ideal insulating or conducting state in a one-dimensional integrable system

X. Zotos, Peter Prelovšek

Published Jan 15, 1996• 148 citations
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Abstract

Using numerical diagonalization techniques we analyze the finite temperature/frequency conductance of a one-dimensional model of interacting spinless fermions. Depending on the interaction, the observed finite temperature charge stiffness and low-frequency conductance indicate a fundamental difference between integrable and nonintegrable cases. The integrable systems behave as ideal conductors in the metallic regime and as ideal insulators in the insulating one. The nonintegrable systems are, as expected, generic conductors in the metallic regime and activated ones in the insulating regime. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.53.983

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Using numerical diagonalization techniques we analyze the finite temperature/frequency conductance of a one-dimensional model of interacting spinless fermions. Depending on the interaction, the observed finite temperature charge stiffness and low-frequency conductance indicate a fundamental difference between integrable and nonintegrable cases. The integrable systems behave as ideal conductors in the metallic regime and as ideal insulators in the insulating one. The nonintegrable systems are, as expected, generic conductors in the metallic regime and activated ones in the insulating regime. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We analyze the high-temperature conductivity in one-dimensional integrable models of interacting fermions: the $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ model (anisotropic Heisenberg spin chain) and the Hubbard model, at half-filling in the regime corresponding to insulating ground state. A microcanonical Lanczos method study for finite size systems reveals anomalously large finite-size effects at low frequencies while a frequency-moment analysis indicates a finite dc conductivity. This phenomenon also appears in a prototype integrable quantum system of impenetrable particles, representing a strong-coupling limit of both models. In the thermodynamic limit, the two results could converge to a finite dc conductivity rather than an ideal conductor or insulator scenario.
We analyze the finite temperature charge stiffness D(T>0)D(T>0)D(T>0), using a generalization of Kohn's method, for the problem of a particle interacting with a fermionic bath in one dimension. We present analytical evidence, using the Bethe ansatz method, that D(T>0)D(T>0)D(T>0) is finite in the integrable case where the mass of the particle equals the mass of the fermions and numerical evidence that it vanishes in the nonintegrable case of unequal masses. We conjecture that a finite D(T>0)D(T>0)D(T>0) is a generic property of integrable systems.
Lectures deal with the theory of electronic transport, in particular with the electrical conductivity, in systems dominated by strong electron ‐ electron repulsion. The concept of charge stiffness is introduced to distinguish conductors and insulators at T = 0, but as well usual resistors, possible ideal conductors and ideal insulators at finite temperature. It is shown that the latter singular transport appears in many integrable systems of interacting fermions, the evidence coming from the relation with level dynamics, from the existence of conserved quantities as well as from numerical studies and exact results. Then, exact duagonalization approaches for the calculation of static and dynamical quantities in small correlated systems are described, with the emphasis on the finite‐temperature Lanczos method applicable to transport quantities. Finally, anomalous dynamical conductivity within the planar single‐band model is discussed in relation with experiments on cuprates.
Motivated by the existence of a metal-insulator transition in one-dimensional noninteracting fermions in quasiperiodic and pseudorandom potentials, we studied interacting spinless fermion models using exact many-body Lanczos diagonalization techniques. Our main focus was to understand the effect of the fermion-fermion interaction on the transport properties of aperiodic systems. We calculated the ground-state energy and the Kohn charge stiffness Dc{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{c}}Dc​. Our numerical results indicate that there exists a region in the interaction strength parameter space where the system may behave differently than the metallic and insulating phases. This intermediate phase may be characterized by a power-law scaling of the charge stiffness constant in contrast to the localized phase where Dc{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{c}}Dc​ scales exponentially with the size of the system.
We numerically investigate thermal conduction in quantum dynamics. A one-dimensional quantum spin system is used as a model, which we can make integrable or nonintegrable by controlling parameter values. A different method to simulate heat reservoirs is introduced. Using this method, we perform numerical simulations of the spin chain in contact with two heat reservoirs at different temperatures. As a consequence, a flat temperature profile is observed in the integrable case, while a finite temperature gradient is found in a nonintegrable system. This result suggests that the Fourier heat law may be realized in nonintegrable systems and is consistent with the classical case reported in the literature. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Integrable and nonintegrable systems have very different transport properties. In this paper, we highlight these differences for specific one-dimensional models of interacting lattice fermions. The technique used is a finite temperature numerical calculation of the adiabatic stiffness (also called the Drude weight or charge stiffness) and isothermal stiffness (also called the ``Meissner'' stiffness) in electrical and energy transport, and the momentum dependent dynamical conductivities $\ensuremath{\sigma}(q,\ensuremath{\omega})$ and $\ensuremath{\kappa}(q,\ensuremath{\omega})$. We apply a flux twist to break the Kramers degeneracy; thus, allowing us to focus on the effect of the dynamical degeneracies in the integrable system. In this situation, we show that the isothermal stiffness goes to zero rapidly with the system size for both types of systems even at high temperatures; while the adiabatic stiffness appears to go to zero in the nonintegrable system and to a finite value in the integrable one. We analyze this difference in terms of the statistics of the current matrix elements and the degeneracies of the systems, and show that in the integrable system, despite the presence of degeneracies, the dominant contribution to the adiabatic stiffness comes from large-current-carrying nondegenerate states. We also show that energy transport at nonzero $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and qqq occurs within a banded continuum in the integrable system indicative of ballistic transport while the nonintegrable system shows diffusion but with the existence of overdamped excitations at large values of momentum.