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arXiv:cond-mat/9505131 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Static and dynamical properties of a magnetic impurity in a strongly correlated electronic system

K. Hallberg, C. A. Balseiro

Published Jul 1, 1995• 10 citations
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Abstract

Using numerical techniques we study the zero-temperature properties of a substitutional magnetic impurity in a one-dimensional correlated system described by the Hubbard model with repulsive interaction U. We find that, while the static spin correlation maintains a 2${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{F}}$ periodicity, the charge correlations show Friedel oscillations with a 4${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{F}}$ periodicity for large values of U. The static on-site susceptibility decreases as the interactions in the chain are turned on and we interpret this as an increase of the Kondo temperature. For large values of U the short-range antiferromagnetic correlations dominate over the collective Kondo singlet formation.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.52.374

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Using numerical techniques we study the zero-temperature properties of a substitutional magnetic impurity in a one-dimensional correlated system described by the Hubbard model with repulsive interaction U. We find that, while the static spin correlation maintains a 2kF{\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{F}}kF​ periodicity, the charge correlations show Friedel oscillations with a 4kF{\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{F}}kF​ periodicity for large values of U. The static on-site susceptibility decreases as the interactions in the chain are turned on and we interpret this as an increase of the Kondo temperature. For large values of U the short-range antiferromagnetic correlations dominate over the collective Kondo singlet formation.
We study, using numerical exact diagonalisation, some static and dynamical properties of a single impurity substituted into a one-dimensional repulsive Hubbard chain. A systematic scan of the parameter-space reveals a rich magnetic phase diagram. Interactions on the lattice stabilize the local moment phase of the impurity. A scalar impurity is seen to induce local moments on the neighbouring sites near Half Filling. Static spin and charge correlation functions reflect a non-Fermi liquid character of the ground state in the presence of a scalar impurity.
The Hubbard chain with a magnetic impurity of arbitrary spin SSS is studied using the Bethe ansatz technique. We consider two kinds of impurities which interact with itinerant electrons on the neighboring lattice sites without destroying the integrability. The correlations in the host always induce valence fluctuations at the impurity site. For a repulsive Hubbard UUU, an impurity coupled via antiferromagnetic exchange to the host reveals magnetic properties similar to those of the ordinary Kondo effect. In contrast, a hybridization impurity (Anderson-like) embedded into the attractive Hubbard model gives rise to essentially different magnetic behavior. This difference is a consequence of the spin gap in the host.
We study the interplay of correlations and disorder using an unrestricted slave-Boson technique in real space. Within the saddle-point approximation, we find Friedel oscillations of the charge density in the vicinity of a single nonmagnetic impurity, in agreement with numerical simulations. The corresponding amplitudes are suppressed by repulsive interactions, while attractive correlations lead to a charge-density-wave enhancement. In addition, we investigate the spatial dependence of the local magnetic moment and the formation of a magnetic state at the impurity site.
We investigate magnetic properties induced by a spinless impurity in strongly correlated electron systems, i.e., the Hubbard model in spatial dimension D=1,2,D=1,2,D=1,2, and 3.3.3. For the one-dimensional (1D) system exploiting the Bethe ansatz exact solution we find that the spin susceptibility and the local density of states in the vicinity of a spinless impurity show divergent behaviors. The results imply that the induced local moment is not completely quenched at any finite temperatures. On the other hand, the spin lattice relaxation rate obtained by bosonization and boundary conformal field theory satisfies a relation analogous to the Korringa law, ${1/T}_{1}T\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}.$ In the 2D and 3D systems, the analysis based upon the antiferromagnetically correlated Fermi liquid theory reveals that the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation developed in the bulk is much suppressed in the vicinity of a spinless impurity, and thus magnetic properties are governed by the induced local moment, which leads to the Korringa law of 1/T1.{1/T}_{1}.1/T1​.