Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:cond-mat/9505040 · Physical Review Letters

Superfluidity of Hydrogenlike Gas in a Strong Magnetic Field?

Dong Lai

Published May 15, 1995• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The recent claim that in a strong magnetic field hydrogenlike gas (e.g., excitons in certain semiconductors, neutron star surface layers) becomes superfluid is refuted. Molecules form by strong covalent bond along the magnetic field axis, which prohibits Bose-Einstein condensation.
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.74.4095

Related papers

Matter in Strong Magnetic Field: Superfluidity of a Hydrogenlike Gas

M. A. Liberman

Abstract As is known, so far only helium has appeared to be unique quantum liquid which does not solidify and becomes superfluid at low temperature. The situation is dramatically changed in presence of a strong magnetic field such that the distance between the Landau levels exceeds the Coulomb unit of energy. Under the circumstances, the interaction between hydrogenlike atoms in the triplet ground state is strongly anisotropic and pretty weak. For such a Bose gas of hydrogenlike atoms, there is a possibility of forming a Bose condensate and a superfluid state. The importance of the problem is due to the fact that it arises in various areas of physics, especially in astrophysics and physics of semiconductors. In semiconductors, a high density exciton gas is the unique object for the laboratory studies of the extreme states of matter in a ultrastrong magnetic field, where the “atomic” scale of a magnetic field for the hydrogenlike excitons is of the order of a few Tesla, quite realizable in a laboratory.

Contributions to Plasma Physics•Jan 1, 1993•0 citations

Bose condensation of excitons in a high magnetic field

Liberman, A.V. Korolev

It is shown that a system of excitons in a high magnetic field is similar to a weakly nonideal Bose gas and is capable of forming the Bose-Einstein condensate as well as a superfluid state even at a relatively high temperature. The stability of the Bose condensate due to an essential decrease of the interaction between excitons and an increase of their binding energy in a high magnetic field is established. The possible observable effects of the Bose condensate and the interaction of light with the Bose-Einstein condensate of excitons is studied. The appearance of the Bose condensate in a broad range of the densities significantly changes the spectrum of the coupled excitons and photons. The dielectric theory of polaritons which accounts for the new excitation spectrum predicts a number of interesting phenomena.

•Dec 31, 1996•0 citations

Exploding Bose-Einstein condensates and collapsing neutron stars driven by critical magnetic fields

Hugo Pérez Rojas, Aurora Pérez Martínez, Herman J. Mosquera Cuesta

The problem of a condensate of a relativistic neutral vector boson gas constituted of particles bearing a magnetic moment is discussed. Such a vector boson system is expected to be formed either by parallel spin-pairing of neutrons in a sufficiently strong magnetic field, or by neutral atoms under specific conditions of magnetic field strength and density. A strong self-magnetization arises due to a Bose-Einstein-like condensation. Then the system, which may resemble the superfluid said to exist in the core of neutron stars, becomes more unstable under transverse collapse than the ordinary fermion gas. In the nonrelativistic limit of laboratory conditions, an analogy with the behavior of exploding Bose-Einstein condensates for critical values of magnetic field strength and particle density; reported by several authors, is briefly discussed.

arXiv:cond-mat/0407047•Jul 1, 2004•0 citations

Hydrogen molecule in a strong parallel magnetic field

Yu. P. Kravchenko, M. A. Liberman

We investigate the hydrogen molecule in a strong parallel magnetic field using a fully numerical Hartree-Fock approach. We find that for magnetic fields below $4.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ T the ground state of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ is the strongly bound singlet state ${}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g},$ for magnetic fields stronger than $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ T the ground state of the molecule is the strongly bound triplet ${}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u},$ and for magnetic fields between $4.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ T and $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ T the symmetry of the ground state is the triplet state ${}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u},$ which is characterized by repulsion at intermediate internuclear distances and by a weak quadrupole-quadrupole interaction between atoms at large internuclear separation. In this region of magnetic field strength the hydrogen molecule is bound weakly, if at all; the hydrogen atoms behave like a weakly nonideal gas of Bose particles and can form a superfluid phase predicted in earlier works [Korolev and Liberman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 270 (1994)]. For magnetic fields between $\ensuremath{\approx}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ T and $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ T the triplet state ${}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}$ is found to be metastable. This state may be responsible for an unknown excitonic line observed experimentally [Timofeev and Chernenko, JETP Lett. 61, 617 (1995)].

Physical Review A•May 1, 1998•26 citations

Atomic hydrogen: A weakly interacting, magnetic Bose gas (invited)

A. J. Berlinsky

Spin-polarized, atomic hydrogen at temperatures below 1K shows promise of becoming the first physically realizable example of a degenerate, weakly interacting Bose gas. Because of the hyperfine structure of the hydrogen atom the Bose condensed state is expected to exhibit novel magnetic properties such as spin wave excitations of the superfluid and possibly a coherent precessing, spontaneous magnetization. This paper discusses a variety of theoretical problems which arise in the study of atomic hydrogen gas. Theories are presented for spin relaxation of the hyperfine levels and for the recombination of H-atoms into H2 molecules. The problem of the binding of H atoms to a surface of superfluid 4He is reviewed together with the theory of surface superfluidity in the hydrogen film proposed by Edwards and Mantz. Finally we consider the problem of superfluidity in the bulk atomic hydrogen gas. We describe the theory of Siggia and Ruckenstein of double Bose condensation into the two lowest hyperfine states and speculate about the possible observable consequences of this phenomenon.

Journal of Applied Physics•Mar 1, 1981•17 citations

Condensation and Magnetization of Charged Vector Boson Gas

V. R. Khalilov, Choon-Lin Ho, Chi Yang

The magnetic properties of charged vector boson gas are studied in the very weak, and very strong (near critical value) external magnetic field limits. When the density of the vector boson gas is low, or when the external field is strong, no true Bose–Einstein condensation occurs, though significant amount of bosons will accumulate in the ground state. The gas is ferromagnetic in nature at low temperature. However, Bose–Einstein condensation of vector bosons (scalar bosons as well) is likely to occur in the presence of a uniform weak magnetic field when the gas density is sufficiently high. A transitional density depending on the magnetic field seems to exist below which the vector boson gas changes its property with respect to the Bose–Einstein condensation in a uniform magnetic field.

Modern Physics Letters A•Sep 7, 1997•11 citations
Abstract As is known, so far only helium has appeared to be unique quantum liquid which does not solidify and becomes superfluid at low temperature. The situation is dramatically changed in presence of a strong magnetic field such that the distance between the Landau levels exceeds the Coulomb unit of energy. Under the circumstances, the interaction between hydrogenlike atoms in the triplet ground state is strongly anisotropic and pretty weak. For such a Bose gas of hydrogenlike atoms, there is a possibility of forming a Bose condensate and a superfluid state. The importance of the problem is due to the fact that it arises in various areas of physics, especially in astrophysics and physics of semiconductors. In semiconductors, a high density exciton gas is the unique object for the laboratory studies of the extreme states of matter in a ultrastrong magnetic field, where the “atomic” scale of a magnetic field for the hydrogenlike excitons is of the order of a few Tesla, quite realizable in a laboratory.
It is shown that a system of excitons in a high magnetic field is similar to a weakly nonideal Bose gas and is capable of forming the Bose-Einstein condensate as well as a superfluid state even at a relatively high temperature. The stability of the Bose condensate due to an essential decrease of the interaction between excitons and an increase of their binding energy in a high magnetic field is established. The possible observable effects of the Bose condensate and the interaction of light with the Bose-Einstein condensate of excitons is studied. The appearance of the Bose condensate in a broad range of the densities significantly changes the spectrum of the coupled excitons and photons. The dielectric theory of polaritons which accounts for the new excitation spectrum predicts a number of interesting phenomena.
The problem of a condensate of a relativistic neutral vector boson gas constituted of particles bearing a magnetic moment is discussed. Such a vector boson system is expected to be formed either by parallel spin-pairing of neutrons in a sufficiently strong magnetic field, or by neutral atoms under specific conditions of magnetic field strength and density. A strong self-magnetization arises due to a Bose-Einstein-like condensation. Then the system, which may resemble the superfluid said to exist in the core of neutron stars, becomes more unstable under transverse collapse than the ordinary fermion gas. In the nonrelativistic limit of laboratory conditions, an analogy with the behavior of exploding Bose-Einstein condensates for critical values of magnetic field strength and particle density; reported by several authors, is briefly discussed.
We investigate the hydrogen molecule in a strong parallel magnetic field using a fully numerical Hartree-Fock approach. We find that for magnetic fields below $4.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ T the ground state of H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​ is the strongly bound singlet state ${}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g},$ for magnetic fields stronger than $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ T the ground state of the molecule is the strongly bound triplet ${}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u},$ and for magnetic fields between $4.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ T and $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ T the symmetry of the ground state is the triplet state ${}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u},$ which is characterized by repulsion at intermediate internuclear distances and by a weak quadrupole-quadrupole interaction between atoms at large internuclear separation. In this region of magnetic field strength the hydrogen molecule is bound weakly, if at all; the hydrogen atoms behave like a weakly nonideal gas of Bose particles and can form a superfluid phase predicted in earlier works [Korolev and Liberman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 270 (1994)]. For magnetic fields between $\ensuremath{\approx}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ T and $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ T the triplet state ${}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}$ is found to be metastable. This state may be responsible for an unknown excitonic line observed experimentally [Timofeev and Chernenko, JETP Lett. 61, 617 (1995)].
Spin-polarized, atomic hydrogen at temperatures below 1K shows promise of becoming the first physically realizable example of a degenerate, weakly interacting Bose gas. Because of the hyperfine structure of the hydrogen atom the Bose condensed state is expected to exhibit novel magnetic properties such as spin wave excitations of the superfluid and possibly a coherent precessing, spontaneous magnetization. This paper discusses a variety of theoretical problems which arise in the study of atomic hydrogen gas. Theories are presented for spin relaxation of the hyperfine levels and for the recombination of H-atoms into H2 molecules. The problem of the binding of H atoms to a surface of superfluid 4He is reviewed together with the theory of surface superfluidity in the hydrogen film proposed by Edwards and Mantz. Finally we consider the problem of superfluidity in the bulk atomic hydrogen gas. We describe the theory of Siggia and Ruckenstein of double Bose condensation into the two lowest hyperfine states and speculate about the possible observable consequences of this phenomenon.
The magnetic properties of charged vector boson gas are studied in the very weak, and very strong (near critical value) external magnetic field limits. When the density of the vector boson gas is low, or when the external field is strong, no true Bose–Einstein condensation occurs, though significant amount of bosons will accumulate in the ground state. The gas is ferromagnetic in nature at low temperature. However, Bose–Einstein condensation of vector bosons (scalar bosons as well) is likely to occur in the presence of a uniform weak magnetic field when the gas density is sufficiently high. A transitional density depending on the magnetic field seems to exist below which the vector boson gas changes its property with respect to the Bose–Einstein condensation in a uniform magnetic field.