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arXiv:cond-mat/9409058 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Monte Carlo simulation of universal short-time behaviour in critical relaxation

Zhibing Li, Uwe Ritschel, Bo Zheng

Published Nov 7, 1994• 83 citations
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Abstract

The time evolution of the three-dimensional critical Ising model relaxing from a non-equilibrium initial state is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulation. We observe the characteristic initial increase of the (spatially) averaged magnetization predicted by Janssen et al. The exponent theta ' that governs the initial behaviour is determined, and the dependence of the long-time linear decay on the initial magnetization, m 0 , is analysed. Our simulation corroborates earlier results derived from continuum models.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/27/21/009

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The time evolution of the three-dimensional critical Ising model relaxing from a non-equilibrium initial state is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulation. We observe the characteristic initial increase of the (spatially) averaged magnetization predicted by Janssen et al. The exponent theta ' that governs the initial behaviour is determined, and the dependence of the long-time linear decay on the initial magnetization, m 0 , is analysed. Our simulation corroborates earlier results derived from continuum models.
Comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations of the short-time dynamic behaviour are reported for the three-dimensional Ising model at criticality. Besides the exponent of the critical initial increase and the dynamic exponent z , the static critical exponents and as well as the critical temperature are determined from the power-law scaling behaviour of observables at the beginning of the time evolution. States of very high temperature as well as of zero temperature are used as initial states for the simulations.
Dynamic relaxation of the XY-model quenched from a high temperature state to the critical temperature or below is investigated with Monte Carlo methods. When a non-zero initial magnetization is given, in the short-time regime of the dynamic evolution the critical initial increase of the magnetization is observed. The dynamic exponent is directly determined. The results show that the exponent varies with respect to the temperature. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this initial increase of the magnetization is universal, i.e. independent of the microscopic details of the initial configurations and the algorithms.
The author reports some universal and non-universal aspects of the critical dynamics of the three-dimensional Ising model, obtained in extensive Monte Carlo finite-size simulations. The author shows that the time-dependence of the magnetization of finite lattices is composed of two kinds of fluctuations at the critical point: (i) phase fluctuations from one metastable minimum of the free energy to the other, dominating the long-time behaviour of the magnetization; (ii) critical fluctuations inside each minimum, decaying on a comparatively short timescale. Both kinds of fluctuations show up the same critical exponent z=2.10+or-0.02, which is also in excellent agreement with the exponent z of energy fluctuations.
The dynamic critical behaviour of the three-dimensional classical Heisenberg model was studied by using short-time Monte Carlo simulations. The dynamic critical exponents z , θ and θ g , as well as the static critical exponents ν and β, were estimated by following the time evolution of the z -component of the total magnetization and its moments of higher order. The anomalous dimension of the magnetization x 0 was also calculated from a relation obtained through finite size scaling in the non-equilibrium stage. Afterwards, the local persistence exponent θ l was obtained by following the power law behaviour of the local persistence probability when the system was quenched from high temperatures to the null one ( T = 0). The time evolution of P l ( t ) was also analysed for T >0 and the expected exponential stretch was observed.
We study the off-equilibrium relaxational dynamics at criticality in the three-dimensional Blume–Capel model whose static critical behaviour belongs to the 3D Ising universality class. Using an 'improved' Hamiltonian (the leading corrections to scaling have vanishing amplitude) we perform Monte Carlo simulations of the relaxational dynamics after a quench from to T c . Analysing the off-equilibrium dynamics at T c we obtain an estimate of the dynamical critical exponent z = 2.020(8) that is perfectly consistent with the field theory predictions.