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arXiv:cond-mat/9405038 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

New family of solvable 1D Heisenberg models

H Frahm, V I Inozemtsev

Published Nov 7, 1994• 39 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Starting from a Calogero-Sutherland model with the hyperbolic interaction confined by an external field with Morse potential, we construct a Heisenberg spin chain with exchange interaction varies as 1/sinh 2 x on a lattice given in terms of the zeros of Laguerre polynomials. Varying the strength of the Morse potential, the Haldane-Shastry and harmonic spin chains are reproduced. The spectrum of the models in this class is found to be that of a classical one-dimensional Ising chain with non-uniform nearest-neighbour coupling in a non-uniform magnetic field which allows us to study the thermodynamics in the limit of infinite chains.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/27/21/003

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Starting from a Calogero-Sutherland model with the hyperbolic interaction confined by an external field with Morse potential, we construct a Heisenberg spin chain with exchange interaction varies as 1/sinh 2 x on a lattice given in terms of the zeros of Laguerre polynomials. Varying the strength of the Morse potential, the Haldane-Shastry and harmonic spin chains are reproduced. The spectrum of the models in this class is found to be that of a classical one-dimensional Ising chain with non-uniform nearest-neighbour coupling in a non-uniform magnetic field which allows us to study the thermodynamics in the limit of infinite chains.
Starting from a Calogero--Sutherland model with hyperbolic interaction confined by an external field with Morse potential we construct a Heisenberg spin chain with exchange interaction ∝1/sinh⁡2x\propto 1/\sinh^2 x∝1/sinh2x on a lattice given in terms of the zeroes of Laguerre polynomials. Varying the strength of the Morse potential the Haldane--Shastry and harmonic spin chains are reproduced. The spectrum of the models in this class is found to be that of a classical one-dimensional Ising chain with nonuniform nearest neighbour coupling in a nonuniform magnetic field which allows to study the thermodynamics in the limit of infinite chains.
In this chapter, we discuss the static and dynamic properties of the spin chain which is often referred to as the Haldane–Shastry model [77, 161]. In contrast with more familiar spin chains with the nearest-neighbor exchange interaction, the Haldane–Shastry model has a particular form of the longrange exchange interaction. In spite of its peculiar shape, it has turned out that the Haldane–Shastry model is the most fundamental one-dimensional spin system. We shall start with a discussion of how the model is solved for the ground state in Sections 4.1 to 4.3, and proceed to static correlation functions in Sections 4.4 and 4.5. The excitation spectrum is interpreted by magnons in Section 4.6, and by spinons in Section 4.7. The spinon picture gives the correct degeneracy of the energy levels in Section 4.8, and leads to the derivation of thermodynamics in Section 2.4, and the dynamical correlation function in Section 4.11. Most results have been obtained in an analytic form without any approximation. There is a close connection between the spectrum of the spin chain and that of the Sutherland model. The most remarkable fact is that the spin chain has a correspondence with two different values of the coupling parameter λ in the Sutherland model. Namely, the spectrum is mapped to the case with either λ = 2 or λ = ∞. In the latter case, particles crystallize with equal spacing, and a small oscillation from the equilibrium, as well as exchange interactions, make up the spectrum. In both cases of λ, however, the degeneracy of each level in the spin chain is not reproduced. Hence, the mapping as it stands cannot be used for thermodynamics.
Hamiltonians of one dimensional spin half models in condensed matter physics are expounded in this chapter. Hamiltonian of spins interacting with an external magnetic field and separate Hamiltonians for the direct exchange spin-spin interactions in X, Y, Z directions, Heisenberg Hamiltonian and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction are dealt with in detail. It is emphasized here that the Hamiltonians are not only for the nearest-neighbour interaction but it is for the rth nearest-neighbour interaction, this increases the scope and usability of the recipies. Other important variants such as the Ising model, transverse Ising model, Majumdar-Ghosh model and a plethora of other spin chain models can be easily constructed using our recipes given and it has been highlighted via examples.
It is shown that the description of the states of infinite S = 1/2 interacting spin systems with the Hamiltonian H s J Z a2 sinh-Za(J / ) (~ 1) 2 j# t , j , l~Z 2 can be performed by studying the hyperbolic Calogero-Sutherland eigenvalue problem. The construction of multimagnon wave functions in each N-magnon sector is based on solutions of the set of linear algebraic equations which determine also the structure of zonal spherical functions on symmetric spaces X ~ = SL(N, H)/Sp(N) of negative curvature. The usual Bethe Ansatz for the XXX Heisenberg model corresponds to asymptotic forms of these wave functions at small values of a 1 or large distances between spins turned over the ferromagnetic ground state.
We present a new lattice integrable system in one dimension of the Haldane-Shastry type. It consists of spins positioned at the static equilibrium positions of particles in a corresponding classical Calogero system and interacting through an exchange term with strength inversely proportional to the square of their distance. We achieve this by viewing the Haldane-Shastry system as a high-interaction limit of the Sutherland system of particles with internal degrees of freedom and identifying the same limit in a corresponding Calogero system. The commuting integrals of motion of this system are found using the exchange operator formalism.