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arXiv:cond-mat/9405034 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Flow equations for the Anderson Hamiltonian

Stefan K. Kehrein, Andreas Mielke

Published Jun 21, 1994• 36 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Using a continuous unitary transformation recently proposed by Wegner \cite{Wegner} together with an approximation that neglects irrelevant contributions, we obtain flow equations for Hamiltonians. These flow equations yield a diagonal or almost diagonal Hamiltonian. As an example we investigate the Anderson Hamiltonian for dilute magnetic alloys. We study the different fixed points of the flow equations and the corresponding relevant, marginal or irrelevant contributions. Our results are consistent with results obtained by a numerical renormalization group method, but our approach is considerably simpler.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/27/12/030

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Using a continuous unitary transformation recently proposed by Wegner \cite{Wegner} together with an approximation that neglects irrelevant contributions, we obtain flow equations for Hamiltonians. These flow equations yield a diagonal or almost diagonal Hamiltonian. As an example we investigate the Anderson Hamiltonian for dilute magnetic alloys. We study the different fixed points of the flow equations and the corresponding relevant, marginal or irrelevant contributions. Our results are consistent with results obtained by a numerical renormalization group method, but our approach is considerably simpler.
This thesis presents an overview of the flow equations recently introduced by Wegner. The little known mathematical framework of the flow in the manifold of unitarily equivalent matrices, as discovered in the mathematical literature before Wegner's paper, is established in the initial chapter and used as a background for the entire presentation. The application of flow equations to the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation and to the elimination of the electron-phonon coupling in a solid is reviewed. Recent flow equations approaches to the Lipkin model are examined thoroughly, paying special attention to their utility near the phase change boundary. We present more robust schemes by requiring that expectation values be flow dependent; either through a variational or self-consistent calculation. The similarity renormalization group equations recently developed by Glazek and Wilson are also reviewed. Their relationship to Wegner's flow equations is investigated through the aid of an instructive model.
This paper presents a renormalization approach to many-particle systems. By starting from a bare Hamiltonian H=H0+H1\mathcal{H}={\mathcal{H}}_{0}+{\mathcal{H}}_{1}H=H0​+H1​ with an unperturbed part H0{\mathcal{H}}_{0}H0​ and a perturbation H1,{\mathcal{H}}_{1},H1​, we define an effective Hamiltonian which has a band-diagonal shape with respect to the eigenbasis of H0.{\mathcal{H}}_{0}.H0​. This means that all transition matrix elements are suppressed which have energy differences larger than a given cutoff $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ that is smaller than the cutoff $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ of the original Hamiltonian. This property resembles a recent flow equation approach on the basis of continuous unitary transformations. For demonstration of the method we discuss an exact solvable model, as well as the Anderson-lattice model where the well-known quasiparticle behavior of heavy fermions is derived.
Continuous unitary transformations, or flow equations, provide a powerful non-perturbative framework for diagonalizing quantum many-body Hamiltonians. This work presents a first-principles proof that the complex, high-dimensional dynamics generated by a Wegner-type flow equation can, under specific and well-defined conditions, rigorously collapse to an exactly integrable second-order ordinary differential equation. We demonstrate that for a one-dimensional spinless fermion model in the non-interacting limit (Δ₀=0), the flow equations for the coupling constants can be derived exactly, revealing a hidden mathematical structure. We term this phenomenon "Emergent Integrability," where the diagonalization flow itself possesses an integrable submanifold, even if the initial Hamiltonian is not integrable. This discovery, established through rigorous and unabridged derivations, reveals that the process of diagonalization can be fundamentally simpler than the initial problem, shedding new light on the intrinsic mathematical structure of renormalization group-like transformations.
Abstract The Wegner flow equation is a differential equation for a family of Hamiltonians and can be considered as a continuous unitary transformation. In essence, the transformation continuously decouples degrees of freedom and gradually converts the transformed Hamiltonian into the near-diagonal form. The Wegner flow equation has so far been applied to many areas of physics, but mainly in perturbative calculations. However, the exact solutions are known only for the simplest of two-dimensional case and this certainly limits the practical application of the method. On the other hand, the knowledge of exact solutions is essential for many physical problems as well as it can help in constructing improved approximated approaches. In this paper we present the exact solution of the Wegner flow equation with the Mielke generator for 3 × 3 Hermitian matrices, the general solutions for N × N tridiagonal Hermitian matrices and partially for 4 × 4 real symmetric matrices.
The Flow Equation Method was proposed by Wegner as a technique for studying interacting systems in one dimension. Here, we apply this method to a disordered one-dimensional model with power-law decaying hoppings. This model presents a transition as function of the decaying exponent α\alphaα. We derive the flow equations, and the evolution of single-particle operators. The flow equation reveals the delocalized nature of the states for α1/2\alpha 1/2α1/2, we present a strong-bond renormalization group structure based on iterating the three-site clusters, where we solve the flow equations perturbatively. This renormalization group approach allows us to probe the critical point (α=1)\left(\alpha=1\right)(α=1). This method correctly reproduces the critical level-spacing statistics, and the fractal dimensionality of the eigenfunctions.
We derive Hamiltonian flow equations giving the evolution of the Lipkin Hamiltonian to a diagonal form using continuous unitary transformations. To close the system of flow equations, we present two different schemes. First we linearize an operator with three pairs of creation and destruction operators by reducing it to the zzz component of the quasi spin. We obtain the well known RPA-result in the limit of large particle number. In the second scheme we introduce a new operator which improves the resulting spectrum considerably especially for few particles.