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arXiv:cond-mat/9401009 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Exact results of the one-dimensional 1/ r2 supersymmetrict-Jmodel without translational invariance

C. Gruber, D. F. Wang

Published Aug 1, 1994• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this work, we continue the study of the supersymmetric t-J model with 1/${\mathit{r}}^{2}$ hopping and exchange without translational invariance. A set of Jastrow eigenfunctions are obtained for the system, with eigenenergies explicitly calculated. The ground state of the t-J model is included in this set of wave functions. The spectrum of this t-J model consists of equidistant energy levels which are highly degenerate.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.50.3103

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In this work, we continue the study of the supersymmetric t-J model with 1/r2{\mathit{r}}^{2}r2 hopping and exchange without translational invariance. A set of Jastrow eigenfunctions are obtained for the system, with eigenenergies explicitly calculated. The ground state of the t-J model is included in this set of wave functions. The spectrum of this t-J model consists of equidistant energy levels which are highly degenerate.
In this work, we have studied the invariants of motion of two SU(N) supersymmetric t-J models of 1/r2{\mathit{r}}^{2}r2 hopping and exchange in one dimension. The first model is defined on a lattice of equal spaced sites, and the second on a nonequal spacing lattice. Using the ``exchange operator formalism,'' we are able to construct all the invariants for the models, by mapping the systems onto mixtures of fermions and bosons. This identification shows that the supersymmetric t-J model on the chain with equal-spaced sites also belongs to Shastry-Sutherland's ``super-lax-pair'' family.
The authors considers the one-dimensional SU(N)-invariant t-J model which consists of electrons with N spin components on a lattice with nearest-neighbour hopping t constrained by the excluded multiple occupancy of the lattice sites and spin-exchange J between neighbouring lattice sites. The model is integrable at the supersymmetric point t=J. The ground state Bethe ansatz equations are analysed and solved numerically for arbitrary band filling and several values of N. The ground state energy, the chemical potential and the spin susceptibility are obtained as a function of band filling. The elemental charge and spin excitations are derived for arbitrary N and band filling. The energy of the charge excitations vanishes at the Fermi surface. The Fermi velocity has a maximum as a function of band filling, vanishing for the empty and full bands. The spinwave velocity is inversely proportional to the susceptibility. For exactly one electron per site the charge fluctuations are suppressed and the Bethe ansatz equations map onto those of the SU(N)-invariant Heisenberg chain.
Ground-state properties of the one-dimensional t-J model are studied by using exact diagonalization of small systems and compared with those found with Gutzwiller-Jastrow--type variational functions. Near the supersymmetric case (J/t=2), the Gutzwiller wave function is an extremely good trial function for all electron densities. It reproduces momentum distribution and correlation functions of the exact ground state except for critical behaviors. For J/t2 (>2), the ground-state properties are well described by Jastrow functions with repulsive (attractive) intersite correlations.
A one-dimensional electron has both spin and charge degrees of freedom. In the limit of strong on-site repulsion, double occupation of a site can be neglected since it has a large energy cost. If the number N e of electrons is less than the number N of lattice sites, vacant sites appear and the system acquires both spin and charge degrees of freedom. The simplest model to incorporate these degrees of freedom is called the t – J model, which is discussed in this chapter. We begin by reviewing the SU(2,1) supersymmetry (SUSY) as an extension of the SU(2) symmetry in the spin chain. With the supersymmetry, the hopping and exchange in the t – J model can be treated in a unified way as the graded permutation. Then the ground state of the SUSY t – J model is derived in Section 6.2 by the coordinate representation of wave functions by using the fully polarized state as the reference. The static structure factor at zero temperature is completely determined by the wave function at the ground state. The spin and charge components are derived using the determinant and its generalizations in Section 6.3. In Section 6.4, we proceed to derive the spectrum of the SUSY t – J model. The elementary excitations consist of spinons, holons, and their antiparticles. It is proved in Section 6.5 that these excitations span the complete set. The argument relies on a generalization of Young diagrams, which are called ribbon diagrams. At the same time, the degeneracy of energy levels beyond the global SU(2) symmetry is ascribed to the presence of a Yangian supersymmetry Y ( sl 2|1 ).