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arXiv:cond-mat/9312029 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Ground-state properties of the three-dimensional Ising spin glass

Bernd A. Berg, Ulrich H. E. Hansmann, Tarık Çelik

Published Dec 1, 1994• 50 citations
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Abstract

We study zero-temperature properties of the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass on finite lattices up to size ${12}^{3}$. Using multicanonical sampling we generate large numbers of ground-state configurations in thermal equilibrium. Finite-size scaling fits of the data are carried out for two hypothetical scenarios: Parisi mean-field theory versus a droplet scaling ansatz. With a zero-temperature scaling exponent y=0.72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12 the data are well described by the droplet scaling ansatz. Alternatively, a description in terms of the Parisi mean-field behavior is still possible. The two scenarios give significantly different predictions on lattices of size \ensuremath{\ge}${12}^{3}$.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.50.16444

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We study zero-temperature properties of the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass on finite lattices up to size 123{12}^{3}123. Using multicanonical sampling we generate large numbers of ground-state configurations in thermal equilibrium. Finite-size scaling fits of the data are carried out for two hypothetical scenarios: Parisi mean-field theory versus a droplet scaling ansatz. With a zero-temperature scaling exponent y=0.72\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12 the data are well described by the droplet scaling ansatz. Alternatively, a description in terms of the Parisi mean-field behavior is still possible. The two scenarios give significantly different predictions on lattices of size \ensuremath{\ge}123{12}^{3}123.
We report a high-precision finite-size scaling study of the critical behavior of the three-dimensional Ising Edwards-Anderson model (the Ising spin glass). We have thermalized lattices up to L=40L=40L=40 using the Janus dedicated computer. Our analysis takes into account leading-order corrections to scaling. We obtain Tc=1.1019(29){T}_{\mathrm{c}}=1.1019(29)Tc​=1.1019(29) for the critical temperature, $\ensuremath{\nu}=2.562(42)$ for the thermal exponent, $\ensuremath{\eta}=\ensuremath{-}0.3900(36)$ for the anomalous dimension, and $\ensuremath{\omega}=1.12(10)$ for the exponent of the leading corrections to scaling. Standard (hyper)scaling relations yield $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{-}5.69(13)$, $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.782(10)$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}=6.13(11)$. We also compute several universal quantities at Tc{T}_{\mathrm{c}}Tc​.
We study large-scale, low-energy excitations in the Ising spin glass with Gaussian interactions in two dimensions at zero temperature, using an optimization algorithm to determine exact ground states. Periodic boundary conditions are applied. Our results for the fractal dimension of the surface, ds,{d}_{s},ds​, and stiffness exponent, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{\ensuremath{'}},$ for ``droplet'' excitations, are in reasonable agreement with estimates from ``domain wall'' calculations, and so support the predictions of the ``droplet theory.'' Restricting our analysis to small lattices, we do not find an effective value of ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ close to $\ensuremath{-}0.47$ as has been recently proposed. The effects of averaging over droplets of different sizes are studied and are also found to be too small to give ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}0.47$ for smaller sizes. Larger corrections to finite-size scaling would be needed in three and four dimensions in order for the numerical data used to support the ``TNT'' scenario to be compatible with the droplet theory prediction that the stiffness exponent is the same for droplets and domain walls.
We present a collection of simulations of the Edwards–Anderson lattice spin glass at T=0 to elucidate the nature of low-energy excitations over a range of dimensions that reach from physically realizable systems to the mean-field limit. Using heuristic methods, we sample the ground states of instances to determine their energies while eliciting excitations through manipulating boundary conditions. We exploit the universality of the phase diagram of bond-diluted lattices to make such a study in higher dimensions computationally feasible. As a result, we obtain a variety of accurate exponents for domain wall stiffness and finite-size corrections, which allow us to examine their dimensional behavior and their connection with predictions from mean-field theory. We also provide an experimentally testable prediction for the thermal-to-percolative crossover exponent in dilute lattice Ising spin glasses.
We have argued in recent papers that the Monte Carlo results for the equilibrium properties of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass in three dimensions, which had been interpreted earlier as providing evidence for replica symmetry breaking, can be explained quite simply within the droplet model once finite-size effects and proximity to the critical point are taken into account. In this paper we show that similar considerations are sufficient to explain the Monte Carlo data in four dimensions. In particular, we study the Parisi overlap and the link overlap for the four-dimensional Ising spin glass in the Migdal-Kadanoff approximation. Similar to what is seen in three dimensions, we find that temperatures well below those studied in the Monte Carlo simulations have to be reached before the droplet model predictions become apparent. We also show that the double-peak structure of the link overlap distribution function is related to the difference between domain-wall excitations that cross the entire system and droplet excitations that are confined to a smaller region.