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arXiv:cond-mat/9308004 · Physical Review Letters

Scattering matrix and excitation spectrum of the Hubbard model

Fabian H.L. Eβler, V. E. Korepin

Published Feb 7, 1994• 60 citations
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Abstract

We consider the one-dimensional Hubbard model at half filling. We show that both excitation spectrum and S matrix are determined by the SO(4) symmetry of the model. The complete set of excitations is given by the scattering states of four elementary excitations, which form the fundamental representation of SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2). We evaluate the exact S matrix, which satisfies the Yang-Baxter relation. The results for the repulsive and attractive Hubbard model are related by an interchange of spin and charge degrees of freedom.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.72.908

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We consider the one-dimensional Hubbard model at half filling. We show that both excitation spectrum and S matrix are determined by the SO(4) symmetry of the model. The complete set of excitations is given by the scattering states of four elementary excitations, which form the fundamental representation of SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2). We evaluate the exact S matrix, which satisfies the Yang-Baxter relation. The results for the repulsive and attractive Hubbard model are related by an interchange of spin and charge degrees of freedom.
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A new integrable model which is a variant of the one-dimensional Hubbard model is proposed. The integrability of the model is verified by presenting the associated quantum R-matrix which satisfies the Yang–Baxter equation. We argue that the new model possesses the SO(4) algebra symmetry, which contains a representation of the η-pairing SU(2) algebra and a spin SU(2) algebra. Additionally, the algebraic Bethe ansatz is studied by means of the quantum inverse scattering method. The spectrum of the Hamiltonian, eigenvectors, as well as the Bethe ansatz equations, are discussed.
We investigate low-energy excitations of the one-dimensional half-filled SU(4) Hubbard model with an attractive on-site interaction U<0U<0U<0 using the density-matrix renormalization-group method as well as perturbation theory. We find that the ground state is a charge-density-wave state with long-range order. The ground state is completely incompressible since all the excitations are gapful. The charge gap, which is the same as the four-particle excitation gap, is a nonmonotonic function of UUU, while the spin gap and others increase with increasing $\ensuremath{\mid}U\ensuremath{\mid}$ and have linear asymptotic behaviors.