© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

arXiv:cond-mat/9301002

Quons, an interpolation between bose and fermi oscillators

Oscar Wallace Greenberg

Published Jan 5, 1993• 7 citations

Abstract

After a brief mention of Bose and Fermi oscillators and of particles which obey other types of statistics, including intermediate statistics, parastatistics, paronic statistics, anyon statistics and infinite statistics, I discuss the statistics of ``quons'' (pronounced to rhyme with muons), particles whose annihilation and creation operators obey the $q$-deformed commutation relation (the quon algebra or q-mutator) which interpolates between fermions and bosons. I emphasize that the operator for interaction with an external source must be an effective Bose operator in all cases. To accomplish this for parabose, parafermi and quon operators, I introduce parabose, parafermi and quon Grassmann numbers, respectively. I also discuss interactions of non-relativistic quons, quantization of quon fields with antiparticles, calculation of vacuum matrix elements of relativistic quon fields, demonstration of the TCP theorem, cluster decomposition, and Wick's theorem for relativistic quon fields, and the failure of local commutativity of observables for relativistic quon fields. I conclude with the bound on the parameter $q$ for electrons due to the Ramberg-Snow experiment.

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9301002

Related papers

Particles with small violations of Fermi or Bose statistics

Oscar Wallace Greenberg

I discuss the statistics of "quons" (pronounced to rhyme with muons), particles whose annihilation and creation operators obey the $q$-deformed commutation relation (the quon algebra or $q$-mutator) which interpolates between fermions and bosons. Topics discussed include representations of the quon algebra, proof of the $\mathrm{TCP}$ theorem and clustering, violation of the usual locality properties, and experimental constraints on violations of the Pauli exclusion principle (i.e., Fermi statistics) and of Bose statistics.

Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields•Jun 15, 1991•376 citations

Statistics of q-oscillators, quons and relations to fractional statistics

Масуд Чайчиан, R. González Felipe, Claus Montonen

The statistics of q-oscillators, quons, and, to some extent, of anyons are studied and the basic differences among these objects are pointed out In particular, the statistical distributions for different bosonic and fermionic q-oscillators are found for their corresponding Fock space representations in the case when the Hamiltonian is identified with the number operator. In this case and for non-relativistic particles, the single-particle temperature Green function is defined with q-deformed periodicity conditions. The equations of state for nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic bosonic q-gases in an arbitrary space dimension are found near Bose statistics, as well as that for an anyonic gas near Bose and Fermi statistics. The first corrections to the second virial coefficients are also evaluated.

arXiv:hep-th/9304111•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•Aug 21, 1993•159 citations

Small Violations of Statistics

Oscar Wallace Greenberg

There are two motivations to consider statistics that are neither Bose nor Fermi: (1) to extend the framework of quantum theory and of quantum field theory, and (2) to provide a quantitative measure of possible violations of statistics. After reviewing tests of statistics for various particles, and types of statistics that are neither Bose nor Fermi, I discuss quons, particles characterized by the parameter q, which permit a smooth interpolation between Bose and Fermi statistics; q=1 gives bosons, q=−1 gives fermions. The new result of this talk is work by Robert C. Hilborn and myself that gives a heuristic argument for an extension of conservation of statistics to quons with trilinear couplings of the form $$ \bar f$$ fb , where f is fermion-like and b is boson-like. We showed that q f 2=q b. In particular, we related the bound on qg for photons to the bound on q e for electrons, allowing the very precise bound for electrons to be carried over to photons. An extension of our argument suggests that all particles are fermions or bosons to high precision.

arXiv:quant-ph/9903069•Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks•Dec 19, 2005•3 citations

Deformed Quantum Statistics

Akira Inomata

To understand possible physical consequences of quantum deformation, we investigate statistical behaviors of a quon gas. The quon is an object which obeys the minimally deformed commutator (or q-mutator): a\, a^{\dagger} - q a^{\dagger}a=1 with -1\leq q\leq 1. Although q=1 and q=-1 appear to correspond respectively to boson and fermion statistics, it is not easy to create a gas which unifies the boson gas and the fermion gas. We present a model which is able to interpolates between the two limits. The quon gas shows the Bose-Einstein condensation near the Boson limit in two dimensions.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF PHYSICS•Jan 1, 1997•0 citations

INTERPOLATION BETWEEN PARA-BOSE AND PARA-FERMI STATISTICS

Stjepan Meljanac, Marijan Mileković, Ante Perica

Using deformed Green’s oscillators and Green’s Ansatz,we construct a multiparameter interpolation between para-Bose and para-Fermi statistics of a given order.When the interpolating parameters qij satisfy |qij | < 1 (|qij | = 1),the interpolation statistics is ”infinite quon”-like ( anyon-like).The proposed interpolation does not contain states of negative norms. 0

•Jan 1, 1996•2 citations

GENERALIZED QUON STATISTICS

Stjepan Meljanac, Ante Perica

Generalized quons interpolating between Bose, Fermi, para-Bose, para-Fermi and anyonic statistics are proposed. They follow from the R-matrix approach to deformed associative algebras. It is proved that generalized quons have the same main properties as quons. A new result for the number operator is presented and some physical features of generalized quons are discussed in the limit [Formula: see text].

arXiv:hep-th/9409180•Modern Physics Letters A•Nov 20, 1994•36 citations

After a brief mention of Bose and Fermi oscillators and of particles which obey other types of statistics, including intermediate statistics, parastatistics, paronic statistics, anyon statistics and infinite statistics, I discuss the statistics of ``quons'' (pronounced to rhyme with muons), particles whose annihilation and creation operators obey the

q

-deformed commutation relation (the quon algebra or q-mutator) which interpolates between fermions and bosons. I emphasize that the operator for interaction with an external source must be an effective Bose operator in all cases. To accomplish this for parabose, parafermi and quon operators, I introduce parabose, parafermi and quon Grassmann numbers, respectively. I also discuss interactions of non-relativistic quons, quantization of quon fields with antiparticles, calculation of vacuum matrix elements of relativistic quon fields, demonstration of the TCP theorem, cluster decomposition, and Wick's theorem for relativistic quon fields, and the failure of local commutativity of observables for relativistic quon fields. I conclude with the bound on the parameter

q

for electrons due to the Ramberg-Snow experiment.

I discuss the statistics of "quons" (pronounced to rhyme with muons), particles whose annihilation and creation operators obey the

q

-deformed commutation relation (the quon algebra or

q

-mutator) which interpolates between fermions and bosons. Topics discussed include representations of the quon algebra, proof of the

\mathrm{TCP}

theorem and clustering, violation of the usual locality properties, and experimental constraints on violations of the Pauli exclusion principle (i.e., Fermi statistics) and of Bose statistics.

The statistics of q-oscillators, quons, and, to some extent, of anyons are studied and the basic differences among these objects are pointed out In particular, the statistical distributions for different bosonic and fermionic q-oscillators are found for their corresponding Fock space representations in the case when the Hamiltonian is identified with the number operator. In this case and for non-relativistic particles, the single-particle temperature Green function is defined with q-deformed periodicity conditions. The equations of state for nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic bosonic q-gases in an arbitrary space dimension are found near Bose statistics, as well as that for an anyonic gas near Bose and Fermi statistics. The first corrections to the second virial coefficients are also evaluated.

There are two motivations to consider statistics that are neither Bose nor Fermi: (1) to extend the framework of quantum theory and of quantum field theory, and (2) to provide a quantitative measure of possible violations of statistics. After reviewing tests of statistics for various particles, and types of statistics that are neither Bose nor Fermi, I discuss quons, particles characterized by the parameter q, which permit a smooth interpolation between Bose and Fermi statistics; q=1 gives bosons, q=−1 gives fermions. The new result of this talk is work by Robert C. Hilborn and myself that gives a heuristic argument for an extension of conservation of statistics to quons with trilinear couplings of the form

\bar f

fb , where f is fermion-like and b is boson-like. We showed that q f 2=q b. In particular, we related the bound on qg for photons to the bound on q e for electrons, allowing the very precise bound for electrons to be carried over to photons. An extension of our argument suggests that all particles are fermions or bosons to high precision.

To understand possible physical consequences of quantum deformation, we investigate statistical behaviors of a quon gas. The quon is an object which obeys the minimally deformed commutator (or q-mutator): a\, a^{\dagger} - q a^{\dagger}a=1 with -1\leq q\leq 1. Although q=1 and q=-1 appear to correspond respectively to boson and fermion statistics, it is not easy to create a gas which unifies the boson gas and the fermion gas. We present a model which is able to interpolates between the two limits. The quon gas shows the Bose-Einstein condensation near the Boson limit in two dimensions.