Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:cond-mat/0703788 · Physical Review Letters

Classical Simulation of Infinite-Size Quantum Lattice Systems in Two Spatial Dimensions

Jacob Jordan, Román Orús, Guifré Vidal, Frank Verstraete, J. I. Cirac

Published Dec 18, 2008• 708 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present an algorithm to simulate two-dimensional quantum lattice systems in the thermodynamic limit. Our approach builds on the projected entangled-pair state algorithm for finite lattice systems [F. Verstraete and J. I. Cirac, arxiv:cond-mat/0407066] and the infinite time-evolving block decimation algorithm for infinite one-dimensional lattice systems [G. Vidal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 070201 (2007)10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.070201]. The present algorithm allows for the computation of the ground state and the simulation of time evolution in infinite two-dimensional systems that are invariant under translations. We demonstrate its performance by obtaining the ground state of the quantum Ising model and analyzing its second order quantum phase transition.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.101.250602

Related papers

Infinite time-evolving block decimation algorithm beyond unitary evolution

Román Orús, Guifré Vidal

The infinite time-evolving block decimation algorithm [G. Vidal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 070201 (2007)] allows to simulate unitary evolution and to compute the ground state of one-dimensional (1D) quantum lattice systems in the thermodynamic limit. Here we extend the algorithm to tackle a much broader class of problems, namely, the simulation of arbitrary one-dimensional evolution operators that can be expressed as a (translationally invariant) tensor network. Relatedly, we also address the problem of finding the dominant eigenvalue and eigenvector of a one-dimensional transfer matrix that can be expressed in the same way. New applications include the simulation, in the thermodynamic limit, of open (i.e., master equation) dynamics and thermal states in 1D quantum systems, as well as calculations with partition functions in two-dimensional (2D) classical systems, on which we elaborate. The present extension of the algorithm also plays a prominent role in the infinite projected entangled-pair states approach to infinite 2D quantum lattice systems.

arXiv:0711.3960•Physical Review B•Oct 14, 2008•466 citations

Classical Simulation of Infinite-Size Quantum Lattice Systems in One Spatial Dimension

Guifré Vidal

Invariance under translation is exploited to efficiently simulate one-dimensional quantum lattice systems in the limit of an infinite lattice. Both the computation of the ground state and the simulation of time evolution are considered.

arXiv:cond-mat/0605597•Physical Review Letters•Feb 12, 2007•903 citations

Numerical study of the hard-core Bose-Hubbard model on an infinite square lattice

Jacob Jordan, Román Orús, Guifré Vidal

We present a study of the hard-core Bose-Hubbard model at zero temperature on an infinite square lattice using the infinite projected entangled pair state algorithm [J. Jordan, R. Or\'us, G. Vidal, F. Verstraete, and J. I. Cirac, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 250602 (2008)]. Throughout the whole phase diagram our values for the ground-state energy, particle density, and condensate fraction accurately reproduce those previously obtained by other methods. We also explore ground-state entanglement, compute two-point correlators, and conduct a fidelity-based analysis of the phase diagram. Furthermore, for illustrative purposes we simulate the response of the system when a perturbation is suddenly added to the Hamiltonian.

arXiv:0901.0420•Physical Review B•May 8, 2009•43 citations

Simulation of two dimensional quantum systems on an infinite lattice: corner transfer matrix methods revisited

Román Orús, Guifré Vidal

An extension of the projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) algorithm to infinite systems, known as the iPEPS algorithm, was recently proposed to compute the ground state of quantum systems on an infinite two-dimensional lattice. Here we investigate a modification of the iPEPS algorithm, where the environment is computed using the corner transfer matrix renormalization group (CTMRG) method, instead of using one-dimensional transfer matrix methods as in the original proposal. We describe a variant of the CTMRG that addresses different directions of the lattice independently, and use it combined with imaginary time evolution to compute the ground state of the two-dimensional quantum Ising model. Near criticality, the modified iPEPS algorithm is seen to provide a better estimation of the order parameter and correlators.

•May 20, 2009•1 citation

Graded Projected Entangled-Pair State Representations and An Algorithm for Translationally Invariant Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems on Infinite-Size Lattices in Two Spatial Dimensions

Qian‐Qian Shi, Sheng-Hao Li, Jianhui Zhao +1 more

An algorithm to find a graded Projected Entangled-Pair State representation of the ground state wave functions is developed for translationally invariant strongly correlated electronic systems on infinite-size lattices in two spatial dimensions. It is tested for the two-dimensional t-J model at and away from half filling, with truncation dimensions up to 6. We are able to locate a line of phase separation, which qualitatively agrees with the results based on the high-temperature expansions. We find that the model exhibits an extended s-wave superconductivity for J=0.4t at quarter filling. However, we emphasize that the currently accessible truncation dimensions are not large enough, so it is necessary to incorporate the symmetry of the system into the algorithm, in order to achieve results with higher precision.

arXiv:0907.5520•Jul 31, 2009•14 citations

Exploring corner transfer matrices and corner tensors for the classical simulation of quantum lattice systems

Román Orús

In this paper we explore the practical use of the corner transfer matrix and its higher-dimensional generalization, the corner tensor, to develop tensor network algorithms for the classical simulation of quantum lattice systems of infinite size. This exploration is done mainly in one and two spatial dimensions (1D and 2D). We describe a number of numerical algorithms based on corner matrices and tensors to approximate different ground-state properties of these systems. The proposed methods also make use of matrix product operators and projected entangled pair operators and naturally preserve spatial symmetries of the system such as translation invariance. In order to assess the validity of our algorithms, we provide preliminary benchmarking calculations for the spin-1/2 quantum Ising model in a transverse field in both 1D and 2D. Our methods are a plausible alternative to other well-established tensor network approaches such as iDMRG and iTEBD in 1D, and iPEPS and TERG in 2D. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is also considered and, in 2D, important differences are found depending on the chosen simulation scheme. We also discuss further possibilities, such as 3D quantum lattice systems, periodic boundary conditions, and real-time evolution. This discussion leads us to reinterpret the standard iTEBD and iPEPS algorithms in terms of corner transfer matrices and corner tensors. Our paper also offers a perspective on many properties of the corner transfer matrix and its higher-dimensional generalizations in the light of novel tensor network methods.

arXiv:1112.4101•Physical Review B•May 10, 2012•116 citations
We present an algorithm to simulate two-dimensional quantum lattice systems in the thermodynamic limit. Our approach builds on the projected entangled-pair state algorithm for finite lattice systems [F. Verstraete and J. I. Cirac, arxiv:cond-mat/0407066] and the infinite time-evolving block decimation algorithm for infinite one-dimensional lattice systems [G. Vidal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 070201 (2007)10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.070201]. The present algorithm allows for the computation of the ground state and the simulation of time evolution in infinite two-dimensional systems that are invariant under translations. We demonstrate its performance by obtaining the ground state of the quantum Ising model and analyzing its second order quantum phase transition.
The infinite time-evolving block decimation algorithm [G. Vidal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 070201 (2007)] allows to simulate unitary evolution and to compute the ground state of one-dimensional (1D) quantum lattice systems in the thermodynamic limit. Here we extend the algorithm to tackle a much broader class of problems, namely, the simulation of arbitrary one-dimensional evolution operators that can be expressed as a (translationally invariant) tensor network. Relatedly, we also address the problem of finding the dominant eigenvalue and eigenvector of a one-dimensional transfer matrix that can be expressed in the same way. New applications include the simulation, in the thermodynamic limit, of open (i.e., master equation) dynamics and thermal states in 1D quantum systems, as well as calculations with partition functions in two-dimensional (2D) classical systems, on which we elaborate. The present extension of the algorithm also plays a prominent role in the infinite projected entangled-pair states approach to infinite 2D quantum lattice systems.
We present a study of the hard-core Bose-Hubbard model at zero temperature on an infinite square lattice using the infinite projected entangled pair state algorithm [J. Jordan, R. Or\'us, G. Vidal, F. Verstraete, and J. I. Cirac, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 250602 (2008)]. Throughout the whole phase diagram our values for the ground-state energy, particle density, and condensate fraction accurately reproduce those previously obtained by other methods. We also explore ground-state entanglement, compute two-point correlators, and conduct a fidelity-based analysis of the phase diagram. Furthermore, for illustrative purposes we simulate the response of the system when a perturbation is suddenly added to the Hamiltonian.
An extension of the projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) algorithm to infinite systems, known as the iPEPS algorithm, was recently proposed to compute the ground state of quantum systems on an infinite two-dimensional lattice. Here we investigate a modification of the iPEPS algorithm, where the environment is computed using the corner transfer matrix renormalization group (CTMRG) method, instead of using one-dimensional transfer matrix methods as in the original proposal. We describe a variant of the CTMRG that addresses different directions of the lattice independently, and use it combined with imaginary time evolution to compute the ground state of the two-dimensional quantum Ising model. Near criticality, the modified iPEPS algorithm is seen to provide a better estimation of the order parameter and correlators.
An algorithm to find a graded Projected Entangled-Pair State representation of the ground state wave functions is developed for translationally invariant strongly correlated electronic systems on infinite-size lattices in two spatial dimensions. It is tested for the two-dimensional t-J model at and away from half filling, with truncation dimensions up to 6. We are able to locate a line of phase separation, which qualitatively agrees with the results based on the high-temperature expansions. We find that the model exhibits an extended s-wave superconductivity for J=0.4t at quarter filling. However, we emphasize that the currently accessible truncation dimensions are not large enough, so it is necessary to incorporate the symmetry of the system into the algorithm, in order to achieve results with higher precision.
In this paper we explore the practical use of the corner transfer matrix and its higher-dimensional generalization, the corner tensor, to develop tensor network algorithms for the classical simulation of quantum lattice systems of infinite size. This exploration is done mainly in one and two spatial dimensions (1D and 2D). We describe a number of numerical algorithms based on corner matrices and tensors to approximate different ground-state properties of these systems. The proposed methods also make use of matrix product operators and projected entangled pair operators and naturally preserve spatial symmetries of the system such as translation invariance. In order to assess the validity of our algorithms, we provide preliminary benchmarking calculations for the spin-1/2 quantum Ising model in a transverse field in both 1D and 2D. Our methods are a plausible alternative to other well-established tensor network approaches such as iDMRG and iTEBD in 1D, and iPEPS and TERG in 2D. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is also considered and, in 2D, important differences are found depending on the chosen simulation scheme. We also discuss further possibilities, such as 3D quantum lattice systems, periodic boundary conditions, and real-time evolution. This discussion leads us to reinterpret the standard iTEBD and iPEPS algorithms in terms of corner transfer matrices and corner tensors. Our paper also offers a perspective on many properties of the corner transfer matrix and its higher-dimensional generalizations in the light of novel tensor network methods.