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arXiv:cond-mat/0703364 · Nature Nanotechnology

Rare-earth solid-state qubits

Sylvain Bertaina, Serge Gambarelli, A. Tkachuk, I. N. Kurkin, Malkin Boris Zalmanovich, A. A. Stepanov, B. Barbara

Published Jan 1, 2007• 234 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/nnano.2006.174

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Electrical control of single spin qubits is a major frontier for nanoscale, high-speed, and scalable quantum devices. Yet, extending it to highly shielded rare-earth 4f electrons remains an experimental challenge across solid-state platforms. Here we demonstrate all-electrical coherent control of a single Er electron spin, which is exchange-coupled to a nearby Ti atom. Scanning tunneling microscopy-based electron spin resonance with three-dimensional magnetic-field control enables comprehensive mapping of the resonance and Rabi frequencies, revealing pronounced anisotropies in both the Er g-tensor and the Er-Ti exchange interaction. The electrical modulation of the anisotropic Er-Ti coupling results in an efficient drive of the Er spin, allowing us to achieve near-gigahertz Rabi frequencies - a ten-fold improvement over the present record for rare-earth spin qubits. By establishing anisotropic exchange as a general resource for electrically accessing shielded rare-earth spins, our results open a new route to ultrafast and local control of rare-earth spins in solid-state quantum devices.
This work has demonstrated that hyperfine decoherence times sufficiently long for QIP and quantum optics applications are achievable in rare earth ion centres. Prior to this work there were several QIP proposals using rare earth hyperfine states for long term coherent storage of optical interactions. The very long T_1 (~weeks ) observed for rare-earth hyperfine transitions appears promising but hyperfine T_2s were only a few ms, comparable to rare earth optical transitions and therefore the usefulness of such proposals was doubtful. ¶ This work demonstrated an increase in hyperfine T_2 by a factor of 7 × 10^4 compared to the previously reported hyperfine T_2 for Pr^[3+]:Y_2SiO_5 through the application of static and dynamic magnetic field techniques. This increase in T_2 makes previous QIP proposals useful and provides the first solid state optically active Lamda system with very long hyperfine T_2 for quantum optics applications. ¶ ...