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arXiv:cond-mat/0703185

Effect of the Pauli Exclusion Principle in the Many-Electron Wigner Function

E. Cancellieri, Paolo Bordone, Jacoboni, Carlo

Published Mar 7, 2007• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

An analysis of the Wigner function for identical particles is presented. Four situations have been considered. i) A scattering process between two indistinguishable electrons described by a minimum uncertainty wave packets showing the exchange and correlation hole in Wigner phase space. ii) An equilibrium ensemble of N electrons in a one-dimensional box and in a one-dimensional harmonic potential showing that the reduced single particle Wigner function as a function of the energy defined in the Wigner phase-space tends to a Fermi distribution. iii) The reduced one-particle transport-equation for the Wigner function in the case of interacting electrons showing the need for the two-particle reduced Wigner function within the BBGKY hierarchy scheme. iv) The electron-phonon interaction in the two-particle case showing co-participation of two electrons in the interaction with the phonon bath.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0703185

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An analysis of the Wigner function for identical particles is presented. Four situations have been considered. i) A scattering process between two indistinguishable electrons described by a minimum uncertainty wave packets showing the exchange and correlation hole in Wigner phase space. ii) An equilibrium ensemble of N electrons in a one-dimensional box and in a one-dimensional harmonic potential showing that the reduced single particle Wigner function as a function of the energy defined in the Wigner phase-space tends to a Fermi distribution. iii) The reduced one-particle transport-equation for the Wigner function in the case of interacting electrons showing the need for the two-particle reduced Wigner function within the BBGKY hierarchy scheme. iv) The electron-phonon interaction in the two-particle case showing co-participation of two electrons in the interaction with the phonon bath.
An analysis of the Wigner function for identical particles is presented. Four situations have been considered. (i) The first is scattering process between two indistinguishable particles described by a minimum uncertainty wave packets showing the exchange and correlation effects in Wigner phase space. (ii) An equilibrium ensemble of NNN particles in a one-dimensional box and in a one-dimensional harmonic potential is considered second, showing that the reduced one-particle Wigner function, as a function of the energy defined in the Wigner phase space, tends to the Fermi-Dirac or to the Bose-Einstein distribution function, depending on the considered statistics. (iii) The third situation is reduced one-particle transport equation for the Wigner function, in the case of interacting particles, showing the need for the two-particle reduced Wigner function within the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy scheme. (iv) Finally, the electron-phonon interaction in the two-particle case is considered, showing coparticipation of two electrons in the interaction with the phonon bath.
We consider a nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation for particles obeying an exclusion-inclusion principle recently proposed by us and derive, within the Wigner formalism, a generalized quantum phase-space transport equation. We calculate the $\ensuremath{\Elzxh}$ expansion of this equation and study the quantum corrections, up to the ${\ensuremath{\Elzxh}}^{2}$ order, of the finite temperature Thomas-Fermi phase-space distribution. The effects and the quantitative relevance of the exclusion principle on the distribution function are considered for a system of fermionic particles in a harmonic confining potential.
Scattering of non-interacting, identical bosons or fermions by a one-dimensional Dirac delta function barrier potential underlines the importance of the role of statistics (that is, whether the particles obey Fermi–Dirac or Bose–Einstein statistics) in the scattering. We consider an initial wave function for the system that corresponds to one particle incident from the left and one from the right of the potential barrier. For bosons, both particles are scattered either to the left or to the right if the intensity reflection coefficient is 1/2, provided the left and right propagating wave packets fully overlap in the scattering region. For fermions, the particles “pass through” one another, provided the left and right propagating wave packets fully overlap in the scattering region, with zero probability that both particles are scattered to the left or right, consistent with the Pauli exclusion principle.
Abstract A quantitative analysis of the electron decoherence is performed in the case where an electron interacts with an environment consisting of a phonon bath at a given temperature T. In particular we study the decoherence in terms of the entanglement formation between the electron, initially described by a Gaussian wavepacket, and the environment by using the linear entropy written in terms of the Wigner function. In our work we evaluate, in a rigorous fully quantum mechanical approach, the electron‐phonon interaction using the Wigner‐function formalism. The problem is numerically solved for different time steps, up to the lowest order in the Neumann expansion. Our numerical procedure allows to analyze the system in different conditions and to understand the effect of the electron velocity and of the phonon momenta on the entanglement formation. Results are obtained in a one‐dimensional silicon system but they can be considered indicative of a more general behaviour. The Wigner function describing the electron and the phonon bath is evaluated by means of Neumann series, whose terms may be graphically represented by the so‐called Wigner paths. They are orbits in the Wigner phase‐space and are formed by ballistic free flights separated by scattering processes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wigner trajectories in phase space provide a pictorial representation of the quantum evolution of a system of interest in the Wigner-function formulation of quantum mechanics with many analogies with the description of classical evolutions. The existence of Wigner trajectories has been discussed so far only for ballistic coherent electrons moving in an external potential profile. We prove in this paper the existence of Wigner paths that are defined also in the presence of electron-phonon coupling, and go over some interpretative problems related to Wigner trajectories. Wigner paths can be used to determine the evolution of the Wigner function in time during scattering processes. This general result opens new fields of application of the concept of Wigner function, mainly in connection with the numerical study of quantum transport in mesoscopic systems.
The Wigner formulation of quantum mechanics based on the concept of Wigner function (WF), is particularly suitable for the study of quantum transport in mesoscopic systems since it allows to describe quantum mechanical effects in an (r,p) phase space, in analogy to what is done for classical systems. Recently we have introduced the concept of Wigner paths (WPs) in phase space which both provide a pictorial representation of the quantum evolution of the system of interest and constitute a useful tool for providing numerical solutions of the quantum equation describing the time evolution of the system. The theory has been applied to the following cases: (a) The study of the transport properties of the transient regime for homogeneous systems. (b) The comparison between quantum and classical treatment of the scattering mechanism. (c) The study of the reflection of the WF from an infinite potential barrier. Furthermore, the Wigner approach, originally formulated in terms of single-time WF has been extended by introducing the two-time WF. The Fourier transform of this function contains independent information about both momentum and energy of the electron. The Monte Carlo procedure based on the generation of WPs can be used to evaluate the two-time WF of an electron interacting with the phonon gas.