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arXiv:cond-mat/0701441 · Physical Review A

Quantum Monte Carlo study of a one-dimensional phase-fluctuating condensate in a harmonic trap

Charlotte Gils, Lode Pollet, A. Vernier, F. Hébert, G. G. Batrouni, Matthias Troyer

Published Jun 29, 2007• 2 citations
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Abstract

We study numerically the low-temperature behavior of a one-dimensional Bose gas trapped in an optical lattice. For a sufficient number of particles and weak repulsive interactions, we find a clear regime of temperatures where density fluctuations are negligible but phase fluctuations are considerable, i.e., a quasicondensate. In the weakly interacting limit, our results are in very good agreement with those obtained using a mean-field approximation. In coupling regimes beyond the validity of mean-field approaches, a phase-fluctuating condensate also appears, but the phase-correlation properties are qualitatively different. It is shown that quantum depletion plays an important role.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.063631

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Using the classical field approximation we present the first study of statistical properties of one-dimensional Bose gas with attractive interaction. The canonical probability distribution is generated with the help of a Monte Carlo method. This way we obtain not only the depletion of the condensate with growing temperature but also its fluctuations. The most important is our discovery of a reduced coherence length, the phenomenon observed earlier only for the repulsive gas, known as quasicondensation.
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We investigate the long-range phase coherence of homogeneous and trapped Bose gases as a function of the geometry of the trap, the temperature, and the mean-field interactions in the weakly interacting limit. We explicitly take into account the (quasi)condensate depletion due to quantum and thermal fluctuations, i.e., we include the effects of both phase and density fluctuations. In particular, we determine the phase diagram of the gas by calculating the off-diagonal one-particle density matrix and discuss the various crossovers that occur in this phase diagram and the feasibility of their experimental observation in trapped Bose gases.